•is 



WINDS OF THE GLOBE. 



shown on Plate 7. This is a current of air from the belt of high pressure in S. 

 Siberia towards the Caspian and Black Seas, as well as towards other regions 

 further south, the Persian Gulf for example. Though largely prevailing, these E. 

 and N. E. winds have not the constancy of the trades, as is proved by the rains 

 Avhich fall in central Asia. This may be better called a polar current, as a low 

 temperature is brought by it into southern regions. The summer has prevailing 

 N., N. W., and W. winds in Central Asia, this being the current of air setting 

 towards the heated deserts of these regions with their rarefied air. (See Plate 6.) 



North of the division belt from 50° to 53° the air flows towards the Arctic Ocean 

 with its diminished pressure, in spring, autumn and winter. "We know now that 

 these winds are still prevailing in the valley of the Jenisei. (See Plates 5 and 6.) 



I give below the percentages of the winds in Western Siberia and Central Asia. 







Summer. 



Winter. 





H 





H 





^ 





^ 





H 





W 





^ 





^ 







% 



fe 



H 



m 



m 



m 



^ 



fe 



fc 



t. 



H 



CO 



m 



t» 



^ 



fc 



Zoue 7. 



Eastern Ural' 



13 



14 



7 



11 



7 



14 



13 



20 



5 



5 



1 



10 



10 



24 



27 



17 



" 7. 



N. 130. Kourgau .... 



17 



11 



12 



10 



12 



9 



14 



13 



12 



8 



9 



10 



20 



15 



16 



9 



" 7. 



N. 131. Tobolsk .... 



14 



8 



7 



15 



14 



14 



10 



21 



4 



4 



5 



35 



20 



11 



10 



12 



" 7. 



N. 132. Ichim 



15 



21 



8 



11 



13 



17 



3 



12 



7 



3 



3 



5 



19 



49 



5 



7 



" S. 



N. 24n(«). Omsk .... 



15 



11 



15 



15 



13 



9 



12 



12 



4 



13 



6 



9 



10 



24 



17 



19 



" 8. 



N. 24-2. Baruaul .... 



(J 



21 



2 



16 



6 



27 



7 



15 



8 



13 



1 



5 



15 



44 



9 



8 



" 7. 



N. 135(/0. Krasnojar 



15 



16 



3 



6 



5 



22 



g 



25 



4 



6 



2 



') 



2 



66 



14 



5 



" 7. 



N. 135((i). Jeuisseisk^ 



8 



4 



15 



8 



9 



14 



17 



26 



1 



1 



17 



33 



20 



16 



10 



1 



" 8. 



N. 241. Semipalatiusk 



7 



5 



14 



8 



12 



10 



80 



13 



1 



2 



30 



17 



18 



11 



15 



6 



" 9. 



N. 373. Valley of the Syr-Daria 



18 



15 



11 



4 



4 



4 



26 



17 



13 



19 



15 



15 



10 



8 



10 



9 



" 10. 



N. 39S(o). Taschkent 



15 



8 



7 



16 



4 



13 



12 



25 



15 



29 



6 



8 



7 



9 



A 



22 



" 10. 



N. 397((0. Krasuovodsk (E. shore of 





































Caspian) ..... 



22 



15 



l(i 



5 



5 



9 



4 



24 



9 



48 



15 



2 



0.3 



2 



4 



19 



In all stations except the last four, the westerly and southerly current pre- 

 vails in winter. This is a movement to supply the deficiency existing to the 

 northward, on the Arctic Ocean. Yet it will be seen that the same wind is not 

 the most numerous at all stations. We have S. E., S., S. W., andW. This seems 

 to depend much on local position. Calms are very frequent in the interior parts 

 of the continent, especially in cold winter weather. The winds are generally weak. 

 Thus local influences are very conspicuous. 



It seems that the direction of the valley has a great influence, the most fre- 

 quent wind coming from the upper valley in winter; so, for example in Tobolsk 

 the river coming from the S. E., the prevailing winds are from this direction. At 

 Ichim, Barnaul and Krasnojarsk the rivers come from the S. W., and, as the local 

 influence coincides here with the general conditions, the S. W. winds have an 

 anomalous prevalence. 



The only exception is at Omsk, where the rivers come from E. and S. E., and yet 

 the S. W. wind is prevailing. This is probably due to the level position of this 

 city. 



' Mean of Cathariucnburg Nijnii-Taicuil.sk and Bogoslowsk. 



^ The percentage for the winter is taken from older observations, published by Krivoschapkin in 

 his work " Jenisseiski Okrus'." 



