730 



WINDS OF THE GLOBE. 



to be that in central Asia the belt of highest pressure lies clearly north, while it Is 

 N. E. from southern Russia, where it is also at a greater distance further and its 

 influence less felt. (See Plate 14.) 



It was also Wesselowski who proved the existence of a zone of N. E. winds 

 in Central Asia, though the observations at the time when he published his work 

 (1857) were very few. 



Below are the percentages of winds for spring and autumn : — 





Spring. 



Autumn. 





w 





W 





^ 





i 





H 





w 





^ 





i 





% 



^ 



H 



m 



M 



m 



^ 



^ 



fe 



15 



H 



m 



02 



to 



^ 



s 



Eastern Ural ....... 



9 



10 



5 



12 



10 



20 



18 



17 



7 



7 



2 



8 



8 



23 



24 



20 



Kourgan ....... 



15 



9 



11 



9 



l.'i 



13 



Itj 



11 



17 



8 



10 



11 



13 



11 



Hi 



13 



Tobolsk 



6 



5 



7 



22 



19 



14 



9 



17 



5 



3 



5 



14 



17 



24 



17 



14 





fi 



1 



7 



17 



20 



18 



28 



3 



9 



5 



2 



8 



14 



27 



31 



4 



Ki-a.snojarsk ....... 



















11 



10 



3 



3 



4 



43 



19 



7 



Jenisseisk 



















3 



3 



13 



11 



15 



10 



32 



12 



Valley of the Syr-Daria .... 



17 



24 



17 



9 



5 



6 



16 



7 



13 



28 



15 



6 



9 



7 



le 



6 



Taschkent 



10 



29 



4j 4 



10 



14 



10 



14 



7 



15 



aa 



10 



2 



4 



19 



11 



Krasiiovodsk (E. shore of Caspian) 



;i.5 



IS 



2 1 



2 



6 







47 



















The proportion of westerly winds is larger in autumn than in winter, except 

 in Krasnojarsk, where the great frequency of S. W. winds in winter has a local 

 cause. Westerly winds are the most frequent at Jenisseisk and Tobolsk, which 

 is not the case in winter. The westerly winds in autumn are stronger than in 

 winter, and local conditions not so important. 



South of 50° easterly winds prevail largely. Pressure has risen in central Asia 

 in autumn, and the region of high barometer is again found to the northward, 

 yet not so much as in winter, as I have shown in the case of Orenburg. (See Plate 7.) 



The Austro-Hungarian polar expedition has given us an insight into the winds of 

 the region between 75°-80° lat. N., between Nova-Zembla and the newly discov- 

 ered land of Francis Joseph. As the observations have not yet been reduced, I can 

 but mention some "remarks about the winds made by Capt. Weyprecht.^ In the first 

 winter, when they were drifted from near Cape Nassau to about 78|° L. IS. and 73° 

 Long. E., they had S. E. and S. W. winds, in the spring the number of N. E. 

 increased. At this time they had drifted to the westward. In the second winter 

 (October, 1873, to May, 1874), they were about 791° L. N., and 59° Long. E., notfar 

 from Francis Joseph Land, and had largely prevailing E. N. E. winds (more than 50 

 per cent, of all winds). 



It seems that in the polar sea, north of western Siberia, as well as in that north 

 of Europe (Bear Island and Spitzbergen), the polar winds are far from prevailing 

 to such an extent as in the same latitude on the North American continent and the 

 islands north of it. 



The observations in northern Nova-Zembla^ show also a considerable number of 



' Petermann's Mittheilungen, year 1875, No. 2. 



' By Capt. Tobiesen, calculated by Prof. H. Mohn, see Petermanu's Mitth. 1874, No. 5. 



