732 



WINDS OF THE GLOBE. 



ter. In the summer, winds from N., E., S., and W. are about equally frequent. 

 It seems that in September and October, when westerly winds are so prevailing 

 in Western Siberia, warm and moist currents of air from the Atlantic can extend 

 to Yacoutsk. At least westerly winds reach the maximum of their frequency in 

 October (20 per cent.). In this month the flow of air towards Central Asia has 

 ceased, while pressure has not risen high enough at Yacoutsk to prevent westerly 

 winds from the Atlantic. October is also the cloudiest month of the year, the 

 amount of clouds being 6.9, while March has only 2.6. The number of rainy days 

 then is also the greatest in the year. 



At the mines of Nertschinsk calms are more prevalent than at any other station 

 Ave know of In the winter months 65 to 70 observations out of 100 show no 

 movements of the air, and the recorded winds are generally weak. In spring and 

 summer there are less calms and more strong winds. The basin of the Upper 

 Amoor is thus shown to belong yet to the region of Siberian calms (in winter). 



While this is the case in the lowlands and valleys, it seems that the conditions 

 are different in higher regions of the atmosphere. At Mount Alibert, 200 miles 

 west of Irkutsk, and over 7000 feet high, a very constant and strong W. N. W. wind 

 is observed. This place was inhabited some years on account of rich mines of 

 graphite, and it was necessary to erect a wall to protect the inmates from the violence 

 of this wind. The mean temperature was found to be ranch higher in winter than 

 in the same latitude in lower levels. This wind is probably the upper current 

 flowing towards the Siberian pole of highest pressure. It has been supposed that 

 such upper currents flowed towards all regions of high pressure, but this has been 

 proved only for the polar limits of the trades. 



MONSOON REGION OF EASTERN ASIA. 



Southeastward from the coldest space of Siberia, towards the Pacific Ocean, we 

 have the region of Asiatic monsoons. I have already explained the cause of the 

 movement of air in this region, and it is only necessary to show how far it extends 

 and how small our knowledge of the northern part of the monsoon region was until 

 the last year. The percentages of the Avinds in winter and summer are given in 

 the annexed table: — 







Summer. 



Winter. 





H 





w 





i 





i 





1^ 





» 





i 





^ 







^ 



sri 



» 



m 



M 



2 



6=' 

 11 



65 

 11 



9 



izi 

 4 



2 











4 



54 



27 



Zone 8. 



N. 21C. Nikolaievsk, on the Amoor , 



6 



11 



44 



15 



1 



" lU. 



N. 400(n). Poasiet Bay . 



0.4 



14 



8 



43 



5 



19 



2 



8 



1 



6 



1 



8 



1 



6 



4 



73 



" 10. 



N. 400(i). Olga Bay ... 



















9 



0.1 



2 



0.6 



3 



9 



63 



23 





N. 401. Hakodade, N. Japan . 



2 



"o 



11 



39 11 



15 



15 



"e 



7 



1 



5 



6 



2 



1 



33 



46 



Zone 11. 



Yokohama ) , 

 N. 192. Naugasaki 1^"?''° 



5 



21 







a 



4 



62 







4 



73 



4 











8 



4 



9 



2 



" 12. 



1& 



0.5 



5 



9 



42 



15 



6 



7 



51 



11 



3 



3 



3 



4 



5 



21 



" 10. 



New Chwang, Maatchooria , 



8 



15 



6 



23 



22 



18 



8 



1 



28 



24 



5 



14 



9 



8 



2 



9 



China- 





































Zone 11. 



N. 227. Pekin .... 



12 



12 



7 



15 



2g 



15 



2 



9 



13 



8 



2 



5 



11 



14 



4 



42 



" 11. 



N. 228. Chefoo .... 



8 



6 



17 



22 



22 



8 



8 



10 



25 



3 



1 



3 



13 



3 



13 



39 



" 12. 



N. 189. Shanghai .... 



6 



10 



11 



33 



20 



7 



2 



C 



26 



16 



9 



9 



4 



4 



(i 



26 



" 1.3. 



Pacific Ocean, 135O_l450E. 



6 



9 



23 



12 



14 



21 



10 



4 



17 



14 



13 



1 



8 



4 



IC 



27 



" 14. 



N. 42(a). Victoria Peak, Hong Kong. 











11 



13 



41 



31 



2 



2 



13 



19 



60 



5 











1 



2 



" 14. 



N. 44(a). Pacific Oceau,120O-13UOE. 



1 



15 



17 



13 



19 



26 



8 



2 



16 



57 



17 



7 



1 



1 







1 



