OP THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE. 



227 



Colorado . 

 Dakota 



Michigan . 

 Minnesota 



Montana . 



New York 



Wyoming 



Fort Garland 





—40'^ 



Fort Abercrombie 



—40 



Fort Buford . . 



—40 



Fort Brady 





—47 



Fort Ripley 





—44 



Minneapolis 





—40 



Camp Baker 





—53 



Fort Benton 





—51 



Fort Ellis . 





—53 



Fort Shaw 





—43 



Gouverneur 





—40 



Lowville . 





—40 



Madison Barracks 



—44 



Sackett's Harbor 



-46 



Salem .... 



—40 



Fort Fetterman . 



—40 



Fort Laramie 



—40 



Fort Sanders 





—50 



elevation 8365 feet. 



The region in the vicinity of these 

 stations is one frequently visited by 

 the most excessive cold reached within 

 the limits of the United States. 



-50, elevation 7160 feet. 



To the above would certainly have been added the States of Iowa, Maine, New 

 Hampshire, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and most probably others bordering on these 

 to the southward, but for our limited collection both in number of stations and in 

 length of interval of time. 



In the warmest month in the year, that is, for July, the temperature is recorded 

 to have sunk to the freezing point of water (32°) or below it, in Arizona, Maine (at 

 Brunswick, 27°), Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New York, Oregon, 

 Washington Territory, and Wyoming. 



Subtracting the lowest from the highest temperature recorded at any one station 

 we obtain the extreme range of recorded variability, of which the following selected 

 values may serve as examples : Extreme ranges at one or more stations equaling 

 or exceeding 140°. British North America (Fort Simpson) 159°. Dakota 146°, 

 Iowa 140°, Kansas 140°, Michigan 140°, Minnesota 147°, Montana 156°, New 

 York 142°, Wisconsin 140°, and Wyoming 147°. 



The least annual extreme range is recorded at Indian Key,^ Florida, 42°, and 

 very small ranges at Key West, Florida, 54°, at Fort Point, Golden Gate, California, 

 62°, and at Alcatraz Island, Harbor of San Francisco, of 53°. The ratio of the 

 highest to the lowest range within the limits of the United States (excepting 

 Alaska) is as 3.7 to 1. 



If we investigate the extreme range for each month separately we find, for 

 instance, from the 72 stations in our table for the State of New York, the average 

 values : — 



Averages. 



Jan. 



Feb. 



Mar. 



Apr. 



May. 



June. 



July. 



Aug. 



Sept. 



Oct. 



8°2 

 19 

 63 



Nov. 



72 



4 

 68 



Dec. 



6°I 

 — 14 



75 



Highest temperature . . . 

 Lowest temperature . . . 

 Absolute monthly range . . 



Ratio, the average being 6g 



6°i 



— 21 



82 



6°i 



—19 



80 



73 

 — 10 



83 



8°5 



II 



74 



9°i 

 24 

 67 



9°S 

 35 



60 



98 



45 

 53 



9°6 

 40 

 56 



91 

 29 

 62 



1.2 



1.2 



1.2 



I.I 



I.O 



0.9 



0.8 



0.8 



0.9 



0.9 



1.0 



I.I 



' A very short series. 



