DEDUCTIONS AND REMARKS. 137 



15. In the eastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, near the coasts of Africa, and 

 upon the Mediterranean Sea, also in Barbary, the winds seem to incline toward the 

 Great Desert. This is seen on Plate VII. at all the stations in Spain, Southern 

 France, Italy, and on the Mediterranean as far east as Constantinople (No. 233) ; 

 and Smyrna (No. 15); also at Tripoli (No. 238); at Liberia (No! 239); at the 

 Madeira Islands (No. 25) ; and on the Atlantic at No. 42. At No. 39 the direc- 

 tion is not materially changed, but the progressive motion is very much reduced, 

 indicating a counteracting force in the direction of the Desert. It is also well 

 known that all along the coast of Guinea south and south-west winds prevail. It 

 was remarked by Dr.Halley, that, "in the southern parts of Italy, a south-east wind 

 blows more frequently than any other;" but our observations from Rome and 

 Naples indicate nothing of the kind, but rather the contrary. Our observations 

 from Tripoli (No. 238) may not be altogether trustworthy, as they embrace a 

 period of only five months, but the time was a tolerably fair mean for the year, in 

 regard to temperature, viz. from March to July inclusive, and the results harmonize 

 very well with No. 19, which represents four years' observations. At Fezzan, 300 

 miles south of Tripoli, the winds are said to be northerly in winter and southerly 

 in summer. 



16. In South-western Asia, the winds are so irregular as to defy all attempts to 

 reduce them to system, from any data now in my possession. The north-west 

 winds at Jerusalem^ (No. 23), and the westerly ones at Bagdad (No. 22), are nearly 

 as uniform as the " trades," while at Constantinople^ and Trebizonde (Nos. 233 and 

 11), the mean direction is north-easterly, at Teflis and Erzeroom (Nos. 10 and 12), 

 nearly north, at Beirut and on Mount Lebanon (Nos. 20 and 21), also at Tabreez, 

 Tehran, and Ooroomiah^ (Nos. 16, 17, and 18), westerly; at Smyrna (No. 15), 

 east; and at Bassora (No. 24), hardly in any direction. At Aleppo, it is said to 

 be north-west, but I have no observations from that place. (See Appendix 0.) 



17. The three stations in Hindoostan all show a feeble prevalence of westerly 

 or south-westerly winds, although situated in latitudes proper for the " trades," and 

 although the tracks of storms in the adjacent seas are generally from south-east 

 toward north-west.* 



* In a letter to tlie author, from Rev. J. F. Lanneau, who long resided in Syria and Palestine, he 

 remarks as follows, in relation to the north-west winds in the " hill country" of Judea : " So uniformly 

 prevalent is the north-wester, that the olive-trees in the interior, situated so as to feel their constant influ- 

 ence, are inclined toward the south-east, and their branches checked in the opposite direction by its power, 



so that in some eases three-fourths or more of them are on that side, thus JP^Sw ■ This is very strik- 

 ingly noticed immediately around Jerusalem." 



^ Rev. H. G. 0. Dwight, to whom I am indebted for the observations on the winds at this place, makes 

 the following remarks in relation to them : " There can be no doubt of the fact that the wind here, as a 

 general thing, blows either from the north-east or from the south-west. A wind direct from either of the 

 four cardinal points, never continues long in Constantinople. During the fifteen or sixteen years that I 

 have been here, I have noticed that our prevailing wind in summer is north-east. Indeed, from July to 

 October, it is so constantly and regularly from that quarter, as to be almost a monsoon." 



^ See the remarks on the winds at this place in Series B. * Piddington. 



