SERIES E.— FORCE AND VELOCITY. 



173 



SERIES E. 



The following tables show the average relative force and velocity of winds from 

 the different points of compass. At five of the stations, viz. Toronto, Girard Col- 

 lege, Devonport, Greenwich, and Sturbington, the pressure was obtained in pounds 

 per square foot, by means of an anemometer ; and the velocity computed therefrom 

 by Rouse's Table. At the other stations, the force was merely estimated, and 

 represented by numbers, ordinarily from to 10, denoting a calm, and 10 a 

 hurricane, and the velocity computed according to the following scale, which has 

 been adopted at the Smithsonian Institution : — 



SCALE OF WINDS. 







Force in 













Force in 





No. 



Miles 

 per hour 



pounds per 

 square foot. 



Character. 





No. 



Miles 

 )er hour. 



pounds per 

 square foot. 



Character. 



1 



2 



.02 



Very light breeze. 





6 



45 





10.00 



Gale. 



2 



4 



.08 



Gentle breeze. 





7 



60 





18.00 



Strong gale. 



3 



12 J 



.75 



Fresh wind. 





8 



75 









Violent gale. 



4 



25 



3.00 



Strong wind. 





9 



90 









Hurricane. 



5 



35 



6.00 



High wind. 





10 



100 









Most violent hurricane. 



Toronto, Canada. 







By Osier's Anemometer. 





By estimation.! 























Velocity in 

 miles per 



No. of miles 

























Pressure in pounds 



)er 





Pressure in 



hour.'' 





Cou 



so. 



Time in hours. 



square foot. 





Time in hours. 



lbs. pei 



foot. 



















1 









h&'^ 



a 



Ane- 



Esti- 



Ane- 



Estima- 







1— 1 



-* 



S 



s 



"^ 



H 



> 

 < 



s 



i-i 



2 





< 



eter. 



tion. 



mome- 

 ter. 



tion. 



North 





795 



450 



1245 



543.1 



512.8 



1055.9 



.84 



826 



679 



1505 



771.9 



.512 



12.88 



10.24 



16036 



15411 



N. N. E 





348 



333 



681 



222.0 



341,3 



564.3 



.83 



116 



8f 



199 



90.4 



.454 



12.80 



9.56 



8717 



1902 



N. E. 





330 



208 



538 



164.3 



202.5 



366.8 



.68 



434 



2,5^ 



685 



376.6 



.547 



11.61 



10.56 



6246 



7265 



E. N. E 





310 



470 



780 



131 6 



317 6 



449.2 



..58 



116 



186 



302 



288.1 



.954 



10.82 



13.79 



8440 



6165 



East 





460 



519 



979 



324.0 



428 4 



752.4 



.77 



506 



673 



1179 



946.9 



.803 



12.32 



12.01 



12061 



14867 



E. S. E 





395 



278 



673 



135.7 



295.9 



433.6 



.64 



66 



28 



94 



52.8 



.562 



11.29 



10.67 



7598 



1003 



S. E. 





32fi 



333 



659 



235 



1.37 8 



372.8 



.57 



362 



281 



643 



283.8 



.441 



10.74 



9.41 



7078 



6051 



S. S. E. 





301 



264 



565 



49 3 



51 4 



100.7 



.18 



166 



140 



306 



116.1 



.379 



5.92 



8.67 



3348 



2653 



South 





315 



373 



688 



86 6 



103 



189.6 



.28 



342 



646 



988 



418.0 



.423 



7.51 



9.19 



5167 



9080 



S. S. W 





363 



547 



910 



178 7 



254 9 



483.6 



.48 



116 



92 



208 



138.6 



.666 



9.86 



11.50 



8973 



2392 



S. W. 





305 



448 



753 



204 5 



578.1 



782.6 



1.04 



444 



582 



1026 



608.4 



.593 



14.47 



10.92 



10896 



11204 



w. s. -p 



J. 



^8:' 



346 



628 



228 6 



752 2 



980.8 



1 56 



170 



113 



283 



252.6 



.893 



17.63 



13.30 



11072 



3764 



West 





384 



356 



740 



315.7 



297 6 



613.3 



.83 



326 



350 



676 



485.1 



.718 



12.80 



11.91 



9472 



8051 



W. N. V 



f. 



3^6 



400 



726 



.539.5 



418.9 



958.4 



1.32 



34 



65 



99 



130.3 



1.316 



16.24 



16.21 



11790 



1605 



N. W. 





357 



4151 



769 



.503,1 



668 6 



1171.7 



1,52 



636 



605 



1241 



950.9 



.766 



17.40 



12.29 



13381 



15252 



N. N. y 



J. 



413 



513 



926 



385.0 



886.0 



1271.0 



1.37 



416 



380 



796 



758.8 



.953 



16.53 



13.78 



15307 



10969 



Calm 





2669 



2409 



5078 











2596 



2474 



5060 















' Some of these observations were taken hourly, and others bl-hourly, and to obtain a proper average for the entire 

 years, they have all been reduced to hourly observations by doubling the number of bi-hourly ones, together with the 

 corresponding pressures. ^7 Rouse's Table. 



