APPENDIX. 191 



gales I have experienced on these shores. It came in the night, and blew for four 

 or five hours, I think, with the greatest violence, so that much damage was done 

 to the shipping. I took particular notice of the wind, and found that the same gale 

 had been felt, if possible, still more severely in Constantinople, though somewhat 

 later, i. e. two or three hours, perhaps ; and an observant sea captain of my ac- 

 quaintance, who happened to be off this port at the time, informed me that the 

 wind here was from the south-west, i. e. directly opposite that in Smyrna. I must 

 say, however, that as I took no note of it at the time, I am not positively certain it 

 was later at Constantinople. It may have been so much earlier instead of later, 

 though my strong impression is that my first statement is correct. The main point, 

 however, to which my mind was directed, was the fact that in the same gale the 

 wind blew from opposite quarters at Smyrna and at Constantinople. The distance 

 between the two cities, by sea, is estimated at about 350 miles, though by an air 

 line it must be considerably less." 



Extract from a letter from Eey. S. H. Calhoun, Mount Lebanon, Syria, accom- 

 panying his observations at Smyrna and Bahmdun : — 



" In the summer of 1844, I removed to Syria" (^. e. from Smyrna, Asia Minor), 

 " and as you will see by the continuance of sheet No. 1, and the whole of sheet 

 No. 2, was at a village named Bahmdun, situated S. S. E. from Beirut, and near 

 the Damascus road. Its elevation I suppose to be between thirty-one and thirty- 

 two hundred feet, on Mount Lebanon." * * * 



" Sheet No. 3 contains the records of Dr. De Forest's observations at Beirut. 

 You will see that his observations for Api"il, May, and June, 1843, were made at 

 an elevation of 213 1-6 feet above the sea, and the succeeding ones at an elevation 

 of about 80 feet." 



K. 



Extract from a letter from Rev. N. Benjamin, accompanying a collection of ob- 

 servations at Trebizond : — 



" The prevailing winds at Trebizond are north-west winds and easterly winds. 

 The sirocco also sometimes prevails. Rain storms, which are very frequent, are 

 almost invariably with a wind blowing from the north-west. The clear and plea- 

 sant weather was almost as uniformly with an easterly wind, and I also quite gene- 

 rally observed, that the barometer was lower with an east wind when quite clear, 

 than with a north-west or a north wind accompanied by an obscured sky, and even 

 with rain. So that we had often the extraordinary phenomenon, of the barometer 

 rising as the storm was coming on, and standing very high during a protracted 

 rain, and sinking on the return of clear weather." ***** 



" I have not been able to form any satisfactory conclusions in regard to the local 

 causes which affect the direction of the winds at Trebizond, and can only say that 

 the whole country in the rear of that place is mountainous to an unusual degree." 



