102 



TESTUDO. 



shaped; and the last of the series is rhomboidal, and is included in the notch of the 

 latter and one similar of the pj'gal plate. 



The costal jjlatos are alternately broader and narrower. 



In the recent condition, the carapace is invested by corneous scutes, which impress 

 it with their form. 



There are five vertebral scutes, four pairs of costal scutes, and eleven marginal 

 scutes upon each side of a narrow symmeti'ical nuchal scute and a broad undivided 

 pygal scute. 



The plastron or sternum of Testudo is composed of a single, more or less pyri- 

 form, entosternal plate, inclosed by a pair of episternal and hyosternal plates, and 

 posterior to the latter of a pair of hyposternal and xiphisternal plates. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 2. Ideal view of the structure of 

 the sternum of Testudo. en, entosternal 

 plate ; ep, episternal plate ; hyo, hyosternal 

 plate ; hyp, hyposternal plate ; xi, xiphi- 

 sternal plate ; gu, gular scute ; pe, pectoral 

 scute ; hu, humeral scute ; ab, abdominal 

 scute ; fe, femoral scute ; ca, caudal scute ; 

 Imp — limp (fright), marginal plates of the 

 carapace; 1ms — 11ms (/<'/)'), marginal scutes 

 of the carapace ; ns, nuchal scute ; ps, py- 

 gal scute'; 9, lOvp, vertebral plates; pp, 

 pygal plate. 



The corneous scutes of the sternum, which impress their osseous basis, consist of 

 eight pairs, as follows: the gular, pectoral, humeral, axillary, abdominal, femoral, 

 inguinal, and caudal scutes. 



Dr. Evans, in the Geological Report of Dr. Owen, before quoted, states that fossil 

 turtles were found in a portion of the Bad Lands, some five or six miles in extent, 

 having much the appearance of an ancient lake, where it is entered from Bear 

 Creek, a tributary of the Cheyenne. At one of these lake-like expansions hundreds 

 of fossil turtles were discovered. They do not rest immediately on the grassy plain 

 that forms the present floor or bottom, but on the talus and debris, collected into 



