SCANDINAVIAN CETACEA. 305 



on the skeleton at Copenhagen previously mentioned, viz., 13 dorsal, 1:3 lumbosacral, and 22 

 caudal. All the cervical vertebrae were ankylosed, and there vs^as no suture betvi^een the atlas and 

 axis. It seems that the atlas has an upper and a lower ramus in the lateral process, and, according 

 to G. Cuvier's description of the cervical vertebræ of " Baleine du Cap," it appears that he considered 

 the latter to be formed by a junction of the same ramus of the 1st — 3rd vertebræ. But as 

 the atlas in the preceding genera, where it is separate from the axis, has not any such lower 

 ramus, but the axis, on the contrary, has it strongly developed, it seems more correct to consider 

 this ramus in Balæna, at least in B. mysticetiis, as belonging only to the axis, which is united 

 with the atlas, which otherwise would be without such ramus. The 3rd — 6th cervical vertebræ 

 are very small and thin. The anterior lumbosacral vertebræ are without a ridge on the lower side 

 of the corpus. The first of these has the corpus 11" wide. The processus transversi of one of these 

 vertebræ were 21^" long. The processus spinosi inferiores were 9, but should be, according to 

 Eschricht and Reinhardt, 14 in number. The body of a caudal vertebra, with short processes, pre- 

 served in the zoological museum here, and which seems to be from this whale, is 7 j" long, 1' 1^ 

 wide, and 1' 2 1" high. The processus spinosus is 5" long. The sternum seems to be variable in its 

 form. It is generally simple, without wing-shaped lateral processes, and is not formed like a cross. 

 The form of the three sterna which I saw in Copenhagen was different in all, although it was in all 

 more or less oblique. One was formed like a heart, with the obtusely pointed end directed backwards 

 and the wider end forwards, and with a small hollow about the middle of the sides for the attach- 

 ment of the first pair of ribs. The 2nd resembled the first, but had no hollow in the fore edge, and had 

 the hinder end but slightly narrower than the fore one, and obliquely truncated with a small hollow. 

 The 3rd and smallest was rounded before and obtusely pointed behind, and had its sides somewhat 

 projecting and uneven at the middle, presenting an indication of the form of a cross. The 

 length was generally greater than the width. The largest (on the skeleton) was 2' 2" long. The 

 ribs are thick and large, long and strongly curved, and the anterior ones are of a considerable width, 

 and flattened at the lower end. The upper end of the anterior ribs is strongly compressed and 

 bent inwards. The lower end is on the first two, particularly on the first, wider than the rest of 

 the rib. The extreme point, however, is not dilated even on the first pair. The 7th — 10th pairs 

 have a longer and more conspicuous collum than the other ribs, this collum being so long on the 

 8th and 9th pairs that its capitulum extends almost to the corpus vertebræ and seems to be 

 united to it by Kgaments.^ The scapula seems to be a little variable, partly in its form, as it 

 sometimes appears to be narrower,^ and partly in regard to the processes, as it sometimes has the 

 processus coronoideus longer and sometimes shorter, and sometimes it has the acromion directed 

 straight out and sometimes bent upwards. Its hinder and fore edges are concave, sometimes only 

 at the collum. The spina scapulæ is only shghtly indicated close to the acromion. The largest scapula 

 that I have seen was 4' long and 4' 7" v\^ide ; the os humeri is short and very wide at its upper end, 

 and has there a strongly projecting tuberculum majus, the upper edge of which is almost equal in 

 height with the upper edge of the caput. This is inside of the tuberculum majus, and is directed 

 obhquely inwards. It is very large and hemispherical. The bone was 2' long and 1' 4" wide 

 across the caput on the before-mentioned skeleton. The radius and ulna are wide. The 

 olecranon is wide and rising obliquely, and at the point obliquely truncated. The radius 



^ From observations on the skeleton at Copenhagen. 



^ Fig. 8, pi. xxvi, in G. Cuvier, in 'Recherches,' &c., t. v, 1. 



39 



