130 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Ultimate Segment: Ventral aspect. — There is great 

 diversity in the form of the plate. In its simplest form it is 

 triangular (e. g., E. helveticaria and E. assimilata), or somewhat 

 triangular (e. g., E. nanata, E. fraxinata, and E. minutata). In 

 some other species (e. g., E. suhnotata, E. scabiosata, and 

 E. subfulvata) the plate is more oblong in shape than triangular. 

 In a few species the apex of the plate is quite entire (e. g., 

 E. vulgata) ; in others it is minutely (e. g., E. absinthiata) or 

 very distinctly (e. g., E.pimpinellata, E.pusillata, E. albipunctata) 

 bifid, till finally the plate becomes divided into two processes 

 united only at the base (e.g., E. plumheolata, E. castigata), or 

 apparently entirely distinct (e. g., E. venosata, E. isogrammaria). 

 (I say apparently distinct, since they may be united under the 

 over-lapping penultimate segment.) 



Penultimate Segment: Ventral aspect. — A narrow plate, 

 whose form varies according to the species, occupies the middle 

 of the segment. In some species (e. g., E. subnotata and 

 E. tenuiata) it does not reach the hind margin; in others (e. g., 

 E, minutata and E. indigata) it just touches it. In the majority 

 of cases, however, the hind margin is reached. In E. venosata 

 the apex of this plate is emarginate. 



THE VARIATION op the MARKINGS of PAPILIO MACHAON. 

 By E. Augustus Bowles, M.A. 



Mr. Jenner Weir's fascinating theory concerning the probable 

 possession of a costal ocellus by the common ancestor of the 

 House of Papilio (Entom. 105) immediately set me to work to 

 examine my series of Papilio machaon, and perhaps the following 

 notes may possess some interest in connection with his able 

 article : — 



I think he rather underrates the extent of the red suffusion 

 on the upper side of the lower wing of P. machaon when he says 

 the second submarginal lunule of the lower wing is "occasionally 

 found" to have a trace of the reddish colour. In eighteen 

 specimens I examined, I find four males and one female with red 

 in the first and second submarginal lunules of the lower wing ; 

 one female with red in the first, second, and third lunules ,* one 

 female with red in the first, second, third, and fourth ; and in 

 one female in the first and sixth lunules, the sixth being the 

 lunule immediately before the ocellus at the anal angle. Five 

 males with red in the first lunule only ; two males with the red 

 entirely absent in all the lunules, and three with so small a 

 number of red scales in the first lunule that they are scarcely 



