178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



towards the outer end ; they come nearer the fringes of the hind 

 margin than on the hrookiana, almost touching it. In particular 

 the more pointed lower green patches of hrooldana generally end 

 noticeably farther from the hind margin. On the smaller 

 patches of the trojana there is missing, not only the point, but 

 also a piece from the basal end, and they are placed nearer the 

 hind margin. The first three to four upper patches in particular 

 are as far apart as they are wide, the lower ones not quite so 

 much, but all of them are always more separated than on the 

 hrookiana. The conspicuous blue basal spot on the costa of 

 hrookiana is not found on trojana. On the under side, besides 

 the decided blue stripes underneath the middle and on the basal 

 part of the costa, are three pairs of small blue-green (green-blue) 

 stripes between the medial nervures. 



*' There is more difference between the posterior than between 

 the anterior wings of the trojana and hrookiana. The former 

 has only one blue-green transverse band behind the middle 

 (middle cell). This band, which is not very wide, is divided by 

 the nervures into five or six more or less irregular crescent- 

 shaped (or zigzag) patches on the inside, but which are still con- 

 nected on the before-mentioned specimens. The whole inner 

 half on the trojana is black, and only the nervures more or less 

 faintly marked deep blue, whereas on the hrookiana it is, with 

 the exception of the costa and a small part of the base, gold- 

 green. The fold in particular, which is turned over, is quite 

 black on the inside although on one specimen it is touched with 

 deep blue on the edges ; the blue-green transverse band is 

 nearer the hind margin on the trojana than the edge of the gold- 

 green base division on the hrookiana. The under side at the 

 base has exactly similar deep blue basal spots as the hrookiana, 

 but towards the outer part only five to seven small white-grey 

 spots near the nervures. The collar band (prothorax with back 

 of head), as well as the breast, are of a lighter red than on 

 hrookiana. 



** Ornithoptera trojana is no doubt rarer, and differs more 

 from hrookiana than a great many other Ornithopteras that have 

 similarity, and can therefore well be termed a distinct species. 

 The fact also, that amongst at least 1000 Ornithoptera hrookiana 

 from Borneo, Perak, and Sumatra, there was not one specimen 

 found approaching in appearance, nor in a transitory state, to 

 trojana, speaks well for the presumption that it is a totally 

 different species. 



" But, m view of the wonderful arrangement of design, only 

 met with in these two species (which in itself alone gives rise t-o 

 generic separation from the Ornithoptera), it is just possible that 

 the trojana, owing to circumstances (climatic, geological, &c.) 

 unknown to us, is a form of hrookiana peculiar to the Island of 

 Palawan" (Staudinger). 



