208 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



G. cleopatra. — Varieties with no orange flush ; possibly also white 

 (L e., colourless) varieties. 



Abraxas grosmlariata. — Varieties with no yellow marks. 



Chestnut. 



V. io and antiopa. — Varieties with black upper surface. 



V. urticcB. — "Sun-bleached" varieties; /. e., the chocolate replaced by a 

 colourless colour, as seen on the lower surface normally. 



Arr/yiinis, E. tithonus, C. pampliila, Hesperidse, &c. — More or less 

 whitish (" sun-bleached "j varieties should be found of all these, but especially 

 of C. pamphila. 



Red and Pink.* 



V. atalanta. — Red replaced by cardui-hvowxi.. 



P. apollo. — Yellow-spotted varieties. 



Sphinges. — Pink replaced by yellow or almost white. 



Catocala nupta, &c. — Yellow varieties. 



And similarly yellow varieties of all species marked with " the 

 normal red." 



Green. 

 H. prasinana, Moma orion, D. aprilina, L. viridaria, G. vernaria, H. 

 strigata, M. margaritaria, Tortrix viridana, — Yellowish or white varieties 

 of these and all such green species (as well as of the green Papilios, such as 

 codrus, &c.). Probably, however, in many of these green species such 

 white varieties are frequent, owing to \\xq fading. 



Furthermore, among 'physical colours, I should expect the bronze- 

 brown variety of such green species as Argynnis, Ino, and Thecla 

 rubi. 



In the next place, as to progressive varieties, we might get 

 pale yellow or chestnut varieties of any white species ; but there 

 can be no sufficient reason for predicting such variation of any 

 given species, unless either a nearly allied species is already so 

 coloured, or unless the species in question is itself already 

 slightly marked in this way : for instance, A. grossulariata, 

 which normally possesses a row of yellow spots, has occurred as 

 an entirely yellow variety. In exactly the same way we should 

 never be surprised at a red variety of any yellow species, but we 

 have no grounds for definitely predicting it in any given species 

 unless allied species already possess red markings. Thus I 

 should consider red varieties of Arctia villica, and of the normally 

 orange Catocalce, as pretty certain to turn up some day ; and 

 furthermore, on the strength of the cyanide experiments, I should 

 anticipate red or red-marked varieties of the species of Colias, 

 Gonepteryx, Terias, &c. 



* My contention that the retrogressive coloric varieties are due to general 

 unhealthiness of the conditions received another confirmation by Mr. Mitchell's 

 note in the July number of the ' Entomologist ' (p. 171), where he chronicles the 

 emergence of an abnormally small and jpale specimen of B. quercus from a badly 

 wounded pupa. 



