NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES FROM THE APENNINES. 337 



During the whole of last winter I had some fifty larvae, 

 collected in 1890, the produce of the eggs of 1889, feeding on my 

 lawn, under a large framework covered with net in the usual 

 manner. They were quite unaffected by the severity of the 

 winter, and almost all survived till the spring ; but it is a 

 singular fact, that although they had been protected from 

 enemies for more than a year, yet many of them produced 

 ichneumons, which must have lived in their hosts since July, 

 1890, at least. 



The females, if removed from the cases, are the most helpless 

 imagines I ever saw, far more so than Psyche nitidella ; they have 

 neither eyes, mouth, antennae, legs, or wings, and merely wriggle 

 very slightly, and continually make an annular constriction 

 of their bodies, which slowly passes down from the head to the 

 extremity of the abdomen. 



Although in this country there are several species of Hetero- 

 cera in which the female is apterous, yet in all these instances 

 the legs are developed, and some traces of the wings, except in 

 Psyche, are found. In no case is an apterous male known ; but I 

 saw, nearly fifty years ago, a moth taken by Mr. Darwin in 

 Kerguelen's Island, which was apterous in both sexes. 



NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES FROM THE APENNINES. 



By Frank B. Noeris. 



The situation of Boscolungo, or Abetone, as it is sometimes 

 called, among pine and beech forests, at the summit of the pass, 

 between Lucca and Modena, is most beautiful. Mountains rise 

 innumerable in all directions. Cimone, the highest of all, 

 7200 ft,, affords a magnificent view, the Adriatic and Mediterra- 

 nean being both visible in clear weather, and occasionally the 

 Alps, 250 miles away. For botanists, such varieties as Epipogon 

 aphyllus, Sw. (the scarcest of European Orchidacese), Globularia 

 incanescens, Viv., Geranium argenteum, Leontodon anomalus, Ball, 

 Bromus serotina, &c., are easily found. The hotels are excellent 

 and well managed, and there is an entire absence of the rush and 

 noise, so irksome to many, that is unfortunately too common in 

 Switzerland. The climate, I may add, is magnificent, cool and 

 bracing during the hot months, and one can sleep with open 

 windows at the present time. The following species of Ehopalo- 

 cera were captured between July 4th and September 4th of this 

 year :— 



Parnassius apollo, L.; comrnou on higher slopes until time of writing, 

 P. mnemoayne, L. ; taken by an acquaintance, July 24th. 



Aporia crntm/i, L. ; common. Pierifs hrasncm, ly., P. rapcB, L., P. 

 ihipJidice, ] ,. ; all common. 



u 3 



