440 Gore's Rose-Fancier's Manual. 



flowers. At the extremity of Asia, towards Constantinople, the R. sulphurea 

 displays its very double flowers of a brilliant yellow. 



" The north-west of Asia, which has been signalised as the father-land of the 

 rose tree, introduces to our admiration the R. centifolia, the most esteemed of 

 all, and celebrated by poets of every age and country, with which the fair 

 Georgians and Circassians adorn their persons. The R. ferox mingles its 

 large red blossoms and thorny branches with those of the hundred-leaved ; and 

 the R. pulverulenta is also observed on the peak of Narzana, one of the Cir- 

 cassian chain. 



" In the north of Asia, Siberia boasts the R. grandiflora, of which the co- 

 rolla bears the form of an antique cup ; the R. caucasea, the fruit of which 

 is of a pulpy substance ; and still adjoining the Caucasian provinces, we find 

 a yellowish variety of the caucasea, of a dingy unattractive appearance. Ad- 

 vancing towards the Frozen Ocean, and beyond the Ural Mountains, grows 

 the R. rubella, of which the petals are sometimes of a deep crimson, but often 

 pale and colourless as the surrounding country. Still further north, flourishes 

 the R. acicularis, bearing solitary flowers of a pale red. Ten or twelve other 

 species grow in the Russian provinces of Northern Asia ; in particular, the R. 

 kamtschatica, bearing solitary flowers of a pinkish white. 



" In Africa, on the borders of the vast desert of Sahara, and more especially 

 in the plains towards Tunis, is found the R. moschata, whose tufts of white 

 roses give out a musky exhalation. This charming species is also to be found 

 in Egypt, Morocco, Mogadore, and the Island of Madeira. In Egypt, too, 

 grows the R. canina, or dog rose, so common throughout Europe, in Abys- 

 sinia, we find an evergreen rose tree, with pink blossoms, which bears the name 

 of the country, as the R. abyssinica. Other species are, doubtless, to be 

 found in the unexplored countries of Africa. 



" In Europe, commencing, to the north-west, with Iceland (so infertile in 

 vegetation, that in some parts the natives are compelled to feed their horses, 

 sheep, and oxen, on dried fish), we find the R. rubiginosa, with pale, solitary, 

 cup-shaped flowers. In Lapland, blooming almost under the snows of that se- 

 vere climate, grows the R. majalis, small, sweet, and of a brilliant colour ; and 

 the same beautiful species, as if in enlivenment of the cheerless rudeness of 

 the climate, is to be found in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. In Lapland, 

 too, under shelter of the shrubby evergreens, among which the natives seek 

 mosses and lichens for the nourishment of their reindeer, they find the R. ru- 

 bella, already mentioned, the flowers of which are sometimes of a deep red 

 colour. 



" The R. rubiginosa, the pale flowers of which grow in clusters of two or 

 three ; the May rose ; the cinnamon rose, the small pale red flowers of which 

 are sometimes single, sometimes double; as well as several other hardy spe- 

 cies ; may be found in all the countries of Northern Europe. 



" Six species are indigenous in England. The R. involuta exhibits its dark 

 foHage, and large white or red flowers, amid the forests of North Britain, the 

 leaves of which, when rubbed, giving out a smell of turpentine, as if derived 

 from the pine trees among which the shrub takes root. In the same neigh- 

 bourhood are found the R. Sabina ; the R. villosa, the flowers sometimes white, 

 sometimes crimson, blowing in pairs ; and the R. canina. 



" The environs of Belfast produce an insignificant shrub, known as the R, 

 hibernica, for the discovery of which Mr. Templeton received a premium of 

 fifty guineas from the Botanical Society of Dublin, as being a new indigenous 

 plant, though since discovered to become the R. spinosissima in poor soils, 

 and the R. canina in loamy land. 



*' Germany, though unproductive in rose trees, boasts of several highly curi- 

 ous species; among others, the R. turbinata, of which the very double flowers 

 spring from an ovary, in the form of a crest ; and the R. arvensis, with large 

 flowers, red and double, in a state of cultivation. 



" The Swiss mountains, and the Alpine chain in general, are rich in native 

 roses, Besides the field rose, just mentioned, they have the R. alpina, an 



