1138 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.  'Dronmm з 1s 
tion of ad ing knowledg е? Beyond limit y Mr. Egerton Harding, of Old Springs, Market CCENDISUCIUES X р 
` this ma y io nr be possible, but xg this k den been Dre, published in the — Journal, exhibits equal to tha А of 0 — da rops, Ток КЫ quite 
attained i The great impro ovements of late years, ot; bunte e proportion of a | 
implements, in stock, and in all the details of practical | years :— small whi ich i is Saia rop, IM with the told 
farming, indicate the advances which may be made. Propuce or А HERD or DAIRY Cows, | extent of the country, beitg in Scotland, 2,083,063 
The adoptioa of these improvements, however, has been | — | — mp ge I PERS Amoung | and in Ireland, 4,034,938 acres, out of 19,352,320 ach 
in уну different degrees in the various parts of е | ya. | No. of | "ае, аР, feceivod “1804 20,808,271 acres, their extents respectiy. ев 
тм "i6 The climate has, dou bt tless, ‚һай muc] ch to do Cows. per Cow. сан рег Cow. Scotland this is to a great extent necessarily ilie 
bis butd se from the great extent of enint pasture e 
which peni The best farmed districts е those, | „| е ES к У lis B пораснаа for arable р ш 
е, аз оп he rainfall | 1553 | 25 515 454 17 ngland we have no similar returns, bnt it 
is ml The climate of Ireland is, in he respect, | 1854 27 395 406 15 be i hue that the rule m holds, and tha al 
much inferior, but it is not a sufficient — for the ем 4 4 А 1 ч а much larger proportion of the country is arable, yé 
backward state of мое prevalent ther 26 400 334 1 12 151 at t perior wena of the stock renders it no 
t owledge these гайт improve- 96 488 424 1 inferior in value to that of the cultivated 
"more dicere they be still further | 1859 27 465 418 1 These considerations -— h n interest 
ce rmation? This is the problem | Hr # iu 9 4 А 1 which'the farmer has ір stock, It is, іп fact, not 
which agricultural prm ea solve. An гета 1869 333 101 [anfreguenüiy more than half] Шатев, pi er, there. 
of the knowledge of the best practice must be o ES T 2007., an amount fore, tends to m "dA n its value, tends also 
stil fori ionable advanta tage. но ow "o agriculture may be | xn mod де E , a tag . Ir tl eie e e [os el conses 
db [ed р Я Dh: tt fort the yen TN bie rent | Yer may diminish this risk will be apparent, "Dis is 
L Of these oet won ald first speak of Mathema- |. uctuations the tenant has to fear, his ren the object of Maec Science, and none of the 
tical knowledge. Not only is this knowledge of the |!8 fixed, and many of his other expenses also, so that | sciences which concern agriculture have of late years 
most improving kind to the mind generally, but 16 is, | while in one year а handsome profit may be realísed, in | made greater атаве, or s not to be expected that 
including arithmetic, the foundation of two of the озі | 00ег a positive loss, may accrue. 1o n еп, |е Wen farmer will or can become a veterinary surgeon, 
mMéfol аі the farmer—land surveying and book. | ore than the farmer, is it necessary to form ап esti- | That isa distinct profession, requiring a great amount 
keeping. An agricultural education should comprehend | Pate ; Мо dit be too early informed of the probable of eompetent knowledge ; LA it will be of the guis 
CH kaoelélqe of aritimitis of the frt four rule йез у apot е sie » | utility to the farmer if he can be enabled to detect a 
| with fractions, proportion and interest, and of at least | UCh oi the success o TEM may > disease by its symptoms, ү à 
Euclid, with the principles of M correct estimate can be formed in regard to a crop,|check its progress til the veterinary surgeon can be 
rement and mensuration generally. То none Mr. Coleman, of Woburn Park Farm, has shown in the | called in, and mea eer e to bim sah 
more than the farmer is the science of measurement | Merk an or tr Sept, 4, 2906, wherein he states | information, that he may co vided with the 
| useful; he should constantly rug to на, Ae and | that the estimated vield of the crop, 1802, on a farm of | proper remedies, The dent h ү я x single animal may be 
| n be with advantage guid i mber | 199 acres, was 5115 bushels, ad the Ari actually ious loss t y 
on my first — in farming, distributing а 3 arr | bear was 5135 bushels. In the of the Tur "us able to assert like old Cl e r, in his “ Every М 
| таапаге uer ap pretty evenly over a Turnip field own Cattle Doctor,” thata drink or two at ор or 
| ja ng co — entad by a labo: rer vide, м EF nd how many head of stock can tio eighteenpence each would have saved this, yet a know- 
| uesse ed; ;" but it was not the deed of feed, are ir questioni e е farmer must ask and answer. | Jedge of the principles of the veterinary ort may so 
ретй K^ of р metis; Akio wledge of measure- | To do this judgment is required, but the assistance of | enable the progress of disease to be stayed, that the 
ment, solid as well as superficial, oad bo. «Өйгө by figures is also necessary. W ese he must be well | regular practitioner when called in has a fair chance of 
the farmer, and to him land measurement is of peculiar  3cdUainted, and they should form an integral part of | effecting а cure. Veterinary practitioners now exist 
| utility. By it һе is enabled to ascertain the con tents the mathematical knowledge required in his pro-|ip considerable numbers, and receive an education wel! 
of any piece of land which may e desired. Even with. | fessional educa tion, That mathematical knowledge can алайда fit them for their profession. It is, there- 
| out instruments this may be done. The. necessary tend to the provement of agriculture. must be | fore, to the interest of the farmer to avail himself of 
| чач ны ог гый being Isid off, the number of | 21011400, and we may proceed to consi er those other iie assistance when required, and in d properly to 
| paces in their sides will give with кзз лб» necuraey | IE from which pene he bederived. — arry ont the {реп which p ar pio 
| their n engt fh yards, 1 from «which the? required II. The next science of importance to "ће agricul- acquiro for pee.) s рей imin агу Enos edge of the 
result m 40 eom set wi + turist is А-А science. When e great value ОЁ в ubjee EM cience is connected with the 
ната сук t need pre difüenlby, but without the live stock throughout the country is considered, important subject of ascertainin fvi age of animals 
i this knowledge i it will rox Амен in all cases бо | Віз importance will sufficiently appear. This is ру р rinm The pos mess i of age in the 
héfive ab acora о | striking y exhibited in the returns which have been -— in the i 
Book-keeping, or a knowledge of accounts, is perhaps | made both in Scotland - 2 2 а. In Ireland accu- tooth, preis those in A the A ЕУ It is 
of all others the kind of knowledge which will bo most vela лыч чн it inia Ё the crops and stock, | practice alone that proficiency іп this sap ba йг, 
generally usefal farmer, forms of farm | ©УЄГУ Year. he first place to be euis 
took ibeeping oca published ha a- too compli- respectivo values, The returns for the year 1864 are | the indications are to be РАЗА for. info! ^m 
the. er has in too many instances solved | 25 given below, made up from he report of the| veterinary science will impart, and by it the age E 
the difficulty by keeping no book at all. "Ви отету farmor Кари. Gene li orse can be determined even up to T qt 9 
should be ableto kee LE de ok, and to draw up кале kin or THE IRISH Оворз AND STOCK FOR 1864. | other domesticated animals bred upon the fi 
(o0 ance sheet. n every business it is em P. also their dental indications, from which, when = 
ссазі арч ак mri Фар of que 2 з " | ry, Ы their age сп bo ueri ined, Veterin гілагу mip 
estimate ; in none i r| Wheat  ..  .. 279,863 at 10 0 0 = 2,798,630 tially prac 
reaps bi ee d A ew d Tie шлш ts - 1,809.918 ix 5 0 ш ed and as such de meiden attention of every enlightened 
months must elapse before he can know the resuli| Ба se + "uA Я $ соет B TAL DA ioulíuro is 
f the actual yield and price o ОШО Meanwhile his| Beans апа Peas .. 16,026 at 0 0 = 128,908 1. The pe ^. of seri ЖАНЫ агас 
expenses, family and otherwise, go оп as usual and thus| Potatos .. .. Lon, x at 10 0 0 = 10,392,820 Mechanical 8 As implements may banical 
if there is any serious shortcomi is placed in a cand &c. «x LM —— H bus 0040) zh band of ; пси, КЫЙ form and 
Í cult position and unable to meet his rent. Farmin xm TENE d = 1525900 | Science, it has been said, by mp ng to that 
i is a profession involving much uncertainty. It is Total value of crop ., £30,191,409 vivandag their construction, has give "d the 
| influenced by eer seasons and ur upon the Ѕтоск. å М g КР n By PEE жо, аг i 
] ets. reat an хіепі, Ње ollowin s. 4, erials it employs, 16 ma z tto 
{ striking Table will dt being a bá S viele eA еҷ I Ан ; = ern : in the man e implempnits VM ерд 
$ upon а Asapa: re fen farm, where an account had Sheep — .,  .. 9,902008 at 1 2 0 — 3699,74 |OVercome the force of resistance, and it sees h the least 
s been kept fi umber of years : Pigs ..  ..  .. 1,056,249 at 1 5 0 = 1,920311 |that per iu Ape € у of form, 
$ ower, mplieity of con 
$ аата OF WHEAT UPON А n EN FARM. - р teh "a А ^ e - E hematieal adj Pis - sym toristics of опг 
t uce old at ealised fiie he value e ^ ES w machi are no 
Year, | entting. рег асте. |per quarter.| per acre. quite obera to o a of all the cultivated erops g s m к it is not the fault of either implens m 
з. d. qra. bus. $44 £s d Y 4. 32356. 22 f field wor ет 
1988 | dH 12 101 uickly performed, the farmer 0 
i t 10 ч К 29 charac of the stock and i чат ргісе rof meat will | or inane it may not be necessary tor Pier ав great а 
Н 35b 10 2} both have tended to improve i its value. be ventor, but he may still re дв of any 
i 915 15 3j А i The h returns exhibit the same result, "The lture by generi pte yi ess liable t0 
1 1847 18 : b 1 : iam n zia “ao sar peragi le vm usefnl ud, 45 е, and thus rend The number 
nsn е crop for year, was, as У | derangement, t gione t 
| А i 2 estimated, and taking the prices which then prevailed, | eminent agrien ойни] eng ing anew ons, Пн i 
| 1851 10 9j 1 1 as follow. The stock is estimated at the rates given in in all parts of the рингу В patei great witb this 
| м | зз m 101310 |the Irish returns, ^ this may be considered too | бей the practical di whichare aro co farmer may i 
im | 18 : 15 in nd cattle, and perhaps too | branch of агита з and the inda, provided 
1855 10 $ j 1 г |8 а great extent leave the pan йы merits 
e i : © : T RETURN OF THE каң AND STOOK 1N SCOTLAND, 1857, he makes himself ac with th Poil issue f? 
1858 13 10 1 1 Ово: and specialities of which А 
1860 19 9 jo и хее icu з жену у 
о 17 e employme 
COMODO ERR IO S Loi ш а ке Мын Жел ТЫ subject which шеп em upon te 
7-1 diis н ире QUE Onta a.  .. ,. 8,750,708 ab 0 8 4 = 045940) |' This great motive power, hitherto emp mpg nto Ue 
"This return, taken from the Agricultural niin for Boro.. | ..  .. 671,778 at 0 4 0: 194959 |farm for ево апа now by every 
Jan, 23, 1864, exhibits zi a remarkable degree Ње | Peensand Peas ,, Ee ы Р. e "Б ier ol ing, requires to be un ire its adoptin 
fluctuations qo which eorn farming is subject, whether Turnips .. A . 600109 at 0 6 98 = 2,980,036 |agriculturis! е to reg™ this—the rik 
as regards the yield obtained or price realised, Thej Potatos  .. 436,468 at 5 0 0 = 2 182,940 
former varies from 8 quarters per acre in 1 о over 
6 quarters per acre iu 1844, and the latter from 17, 105, Total value of the crop ., 415,948,9/4 
ces anter dr 16s. 8d. per M E in 1858, Meier Втоск, 
айна of yield dat Hone —.. ^. 9549 a 5$ 0 0-1 аата 
realised per acre to vary from Gl, 8e. in 1850 to Cattlo — ..  :. 974437 ab 610 02 оза 
AMA 200. in 1068. E рер n Ci a ei 5,083,178 ^ i итам paras 
{i ! the ‚ variations confined corn farming. ao "T p 146,354 
- 'g report of the produce of a herd of dairy | ` Total value ofthe stock .. 4£14,951,90 
