ETH ut 
COURTI£E£S OF 
MISSOURI. 53 
cipal exports are wheat, pork, beef, tobacco and mules. Lead is 
found in considerable quantities. 
Bollinger County—Is situated in the southeastern part of the 
State, and is watered by the Castor and White Water Rivers and 
their tributaries. 
MarsLE Hitt (Dallas), the county seat, was incorporated Dec. 
5, 1855; population including township, in 1870, 2,872; it is a 
station on the St. Louis. & Iron Mountain Railway, 134 miles 
from St. Louis, and about 25 miles west of Cape Girardeau, on the 
Mississippi River. 
The county was settled by North Carolinians in 1800, and 
organized in 1850. The face of the country is broken, the land 
generally fertile and well timbered. The climate is well adapted 
for fruit. Iron in large, and lead, silver and zinc, in small, quanti- 
ties have been found. There are also deposits of red clay, yellow 
ochre and white clay (kaolin). Several mines of the kaolin are in 
constant operation. 
Boone County—Is located near the center of the State, and is 
drained principally by the Missouri River on its southwestern bor- 
der, and Cedar Creek, on its eastern boundary. 
CoLuMBIA, the county seat and principal town, population in 
1870 2,236, is situated near the center of the county, on a high 
and beautiful site, and contains the Missouri State University, and 
several other educational institutions, giving the place the appella- 
tion of the ‘‘Athens of Missouri.’ Columbia is on the Columbia 
branch of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway, 144 
miles from St. Louis, véa Centralia, and about 25 miles north of 
Jefferson City. 
This county was first settled in 1815; it was formed from How- 
ard county. Three-fourths of the county is broken and timber 
land, but generally it is well adapted for grain, fruit and stock. 
There are extensive beds.of stone coal. Near Columbia is ‘‘Con- 
nor’s Cave,’’ which is said to have been penetrated several miles. 
Near Rocheport, a town on the Missouri River, population in 
1870, 823, are high rocks containing Indian hieroglyphics. 
Buchanan County—Is situated in the northwestern part of the 
State, bordering on Kansas, from which it is separated by the 
Missouri River. Its interior is drained by the Platte River and its 
tributaries. 
St. JosepH, the county seat and chief city, had a population in 
1870 as follows: First ward, 2,251; second ward, 3,367; third 
ward, 3,928; fourth ward, 5,217; fifth ward, 4,802 ; total, 19,565 ; 
of whom 14,339 were native born, 5,226 foreign; and 18,052 white, 
1,512 colored, and 6 Indians. It is handsomely located on the 
east bank of the Missouri River, 545 miles from its mouth, 70 
miles above Kansas City, and 310 miles northwest by rail, and 565 
miles by water from St. Louis, and 194 miles by rail and 391 miles 
by river from Jefferson City. St. Joseph is a station on the follow- 
ing railroads: Hannibal & St. Joseph; St. Louis, Kansas City & 
Northern (Lexington Branch); the Kansas City, St. Joseph & 
Council Bluffs, and Maryville Branch , and the St. Joseph and Den- 
ver City. Joseph Robidoux, senior, first visited the present site of 
St. Joseph in 1799. The place was organized as a village in 1845. 
It became the county seat in 1846, and was chartered as a city in 
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1853. It is an enterprising and growing city with excellent 
business facilities. It contains elegant private residences, substan- 
tial business blocks and a creditable number of institutions of 
learning. 
The surface of the country is principally undulating prairie 
land, with a good growth of timber along the streams. This 
county is in the ‘ Platte country,’’ which has a wide reputation 
for the fertility of its soil, which produces all the grains, fruits and 
grasses of this latitude. This county, at St. Joseph, was first 
settled in 1803. 
Butler County—Is located in the southeastern part of the State, 
its south line being on the eastern portion of the border of 
Arkansas, and is watered by the Big Black and St. Francois 
Rivers. 
PopLar Birr, the county seat and principal town, population 
in 1870, including township, 840, is situated at the head of naviga- 
tion on the Big Black River, and is a station on the Arkansas branch 
of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railway, 153 miles from St. 
Louis. 
This county was organized February 27, 1849. The face of the 
country is level or moderately hilly. Nearly two-thirds of the 
county has been returned as swamp lands, but most of this can be 
reclaimed by drains and levees. The south half of the county is 
frequently overflowed, and until drained, of which it is susceptible, 
it is only fit for cranberry culture. About one-third of the county 
is free from inundation and is very fertile. This county has iron 
in considerable quantities, and pine, cypress, and other timber. 
Caldwell County—-Is located near the center of the northwest- 
ern quarter of the State, and is intersected by Shoal Creek, a tribu- 
tary of Grand River. 
KINGSTON, the county seat, population in 1870, 414, is near 
the center of the county, 8 miles south from Hamilton, a station 
on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railway, 50 miles from St. Joseph, 
69 miles from Kansas City, and 249 miles from St. Louis. Kings- 
ton was incorporated in 1857. 
Hamilton, population in 1870, 975, is the chief town in the 
county, 
Breckinridge, population in 1870, 515, and Kidder, population 
in 1870, 195, are stations on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railway. 
Mirable, population in 1870, 140, is 6 miles west of Kingston 
and about 11 miles south of Kidder. 
The face of the country in Caldwell County is rolling and prin- 
cipally prairie. Timber abounds along the water courses. The 
soil is fertile and good for farming or grazing. 
Callaway County—Is situated in the eastern central part of the 
State, is bounded on the south by the Missouri River, and drained 
by Cedar and Muddy Creeks. 
FuLton, the county seat and chief city, pepulation in 1870, 
1,585, is a station on the Louisiana Branch of the Chicago & Alton 
Railway 25 miles south of Mexico, Audrain County, 26 miles from 
Jefferson City and 133 miles from St. Louis via Mexico. Fulton 
has a pleasant and healthy situation in a good farming district. It 
was laid out asa town in 1822, and in 1836 was deemed one of 
the most flourishing villages in the interior of the State. It was 
