COUNTIES OF MISSOURI, 69 
way, 87 miles south from St. Louis, and 109 miles northwest from 
Belmont. 
Iron Mountain, population in 1870, 2,018, is located in the 
southwestern part of the connty, 14 miles southwest of the county 
seat, and is a station on the Arkansas Branch of the St. Louis & 
Iron Mountain Railway, 5 miles south from Bismark (junction), and 
81 miles from St. Louis. This place is situated at the southwest 
base of the celebrated formation known as Iron Mountain, from 
which it derives its name. This mountain is 228 feet high, and its 
) base covers an area of 500 acres. It is composed almost exclu- 
' sively of iron in its purest form, and has been estimated to con- 
tain 1,655,280,000 cubic feet, or 230,187,375 tons of ore. There 
are also extensive deposits of lead in the county, and copper, 
cobalt and nickel exist. 
The surface of the country is broken and hilly, about one-tenth 
being bottom land, and nearly four-fifths arable. There are fine 
farms in the valleys, and the farmer finds a good market at his 
very door. 
Ste. Genevieve County—lIs situated in the east-southeastern part 
of the State, on the western border of Illinois, from which it is separ- 
ated by the Mississippi River. Its interior is drained by the Riviére 
aux Vases and Isle au Bois, Saline and Establishment Creeks. 
STE. GENEVIEVE, the county seat, population in 1870, 1,521, is 
situated in the northeastern part of the county, on the right bank 
of the Mississippi River, 65 miles below St. Louis, and 144 miles 
above Cairo, Ill. It is 35 miles southeast from Pevely, Jefferson 
County, which is a station on the St. Louis & Iron Mountain Rail- 
way, 28 miles from St. Louis. Ste. Genevieve is the oldest town 
in Missouri, it being first settled about 1755. In 1810 it con- 
tained twenty large stores, “‘from which the people of St. Louis laid 
in their stocks.’’ It then required four months to go to Philadel- 
phia and return, bringing goods va Pittsburg, Pa., and the Ohio 
River. 
The surface of the country is hilly and broken, except the exten- 
sive tracts of bottom lands along the Mississippi River, which are 
well timbered, and very fertile. The soil on the uplands is good, 
and well adapted to cereals, but especially to grape culture. 
The county has great mineral wealth, there being large quanti- 
ties of copper, lead, iron, salt, zinc, sand, etc., also extensive quar- 
ries of excellent marble. 
St. Louis County—lIs situated in the eastern part of the State, 
occupying a point of land formed by the confluence of the Missouri 
with the Mississippi River, the former constituting its northern 
and the latter its eastern boundary, The interior of the county is 
drained by the Maramec River and River Des Peres, and by Bon- 
homme and Gravois Creeks. The surface of the countryis undula- 
ting, and the soil fertile and under excellent cultivation. 
St. Louis, the county seat, is a port of entry and the fourth city 
in the Union. It is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi 
River, 20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, 208 miles above 
the mouth of the Ohio, 805 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, 
Minnesota, 1,278 miles above New Orleans, 125 miles by rail east 
from Jefferson City, the State Capital, and 811 miles air line west 
from Washington. Latitude 38° 37’ 28” N., longitude go° 15’ 16” 
W. The city has a high and commanding site, being principally 
upon two plateaus of limestone formation, the upper one rising 
gradually about 60 and the lower one more abruptly about 20 feet 
above the floods of the Mississippi. The length of the city, by the 
course of the river, is about 14 miles, extending 814 miles back, 
but the thickly settled portion is about 10 to 12 square miles. 
The city is regularly laid out, the streets generally being 60 feet 
wide, and the greater number of them crossing each other at right 
angles. The buildings, both public and private, are, as a whole, 
remarkably well built, and are generally of the most substantial char- 
acter, being of stone, marble and brick, and hence no sweeping con- 
flagration, such as befell the city of Chicago in 1871, could ever 
devastate St. Louis. No city of its size in the United States con- 
tains more elegant public buildings, and among the more prom- 
inent ones we enumerate the following: The ‘Missouri State 
Institution for the Education of the Blind, St. Louis County Insane 
Asylum, St. Louis County Jail, Court House, United States Custom 
House and Post Office, United States Arsenal, United States Marine 
Hospital, O'Fallon Polytechnic Institute, the Mercantile Library, 
Washington and St. Louis Universities, and the Convent of the 
Sacred Heart. The city has a very large number of other public 
and private asylums and hospitals. It also contains a complete list 
of colleges, academies, seminaries, convents, and public and private 
schools, and most of them of the highest order, The church edi- 
fices are very numerous, and many of them costly and truly mag- 
nificent, Street railways traverse the city in all directions, and 
are placed at convenient distances for the accommodation of the 
citizens. 
The population of the city of St. Louis, by the United States cen- 
sus of 1870, was as follows: rst ward, including Carondelet, 33,- 
708; 2d ward, 21,855; 3d ward, 23,878; 4th ward, 31,493; 5th 
ward, 29,774; 6th ward, 29,192; 7th ward, 18,508; 8th ward, 
26,710, 9th ward, 22,922; roth ward, 20,623 ; 11th ward, 32,580; 
r2th ward, 19,621 ; total, 310,864 ; of whom 198,615 were native 
born, and 112,249 foreign; and 288,737 white, 22,088 colored, and 
38 Indians and 1 Chinese. Of the native population, 156,331 
(including 134,221 born in Missouri, and 5,716 in Kentucky) were 
born in former slaveholding States; and 41,603 (including 9,288 
born in New York, and 4,995 in New England) in northern States. 
Of the foreign population, 27 were born in Australia, 751 in Aus- 
tria (proper), 254 in Belgium, 2,008 in British America, 178 in 
Denmark, 2,788 in France, 59,040 in Germany, 5,367 in England, 
32,239 in Ireland, 1,202 in Scotland, 147 in Wales, 643 in Hol- 
land, 786 in Italy, 300 in Poland, 86 in Russia, 343 in Sweden and 
Norway, 2,902 in Switzerland, and 276 in other European coun- 
tries. 
As a railroad center, St. Louis is the northern terminus of the 
St; Louis & Iron Mountain, the northeastern terminus of the Atlan- 
tic & Pacific, the eastern terminus of the Pacific of Missouri, and 
the southeastern terminus of the St. Louis, Kansas City & North- 
ern (formerly North Missouri) Railroads. By steamboat transfer 
(until the railroad bridge across the river at this point is 
completed), the southern terminus of the Rockford, Rock Island 
& St. Louis, the southwestern terminus of the Chicago & Alton 
| (and Jacksonville Branch,) and the Toledo, Wabash & Western 
Railroads; also the western terminus of the Indianapolis & St. 
Louis; Vandalia, Terre Haute & Indianapolis, and the Ohio & 
