94 Trans. Acad. Sct. of St. Louis. 
The sketching was done in approximate contours upon 
sketching boards directly from the country as copy.* 
‘*] have not at hand the figures of cost attendant upon this 
work heretofore, but from experience in similar regions in 
recent years, I should place the expense of the work in the 
northern prairie portion of the State, including all expenses 
connected with it, at about two dollars a square mile. In the 
broken and heavily timbered southern portion of the State I 
would say that a satisfactory map could be made for between 
three and four dollars per square mile, and here the cost would 
depend greatly upon the character of the men engaged upon 
it, for it is a very difficult piece of country to survey.t The 
above figures imply of course that the map is to be made for 
publication upon the scale of yzs555- Increase of scale 
would increase the expense incident to the survey consider- 
ably.’’ £ 
_ Aserious defect in these maps for many every-day uses is 
the omission of the township range and section lines. The 
political division lines are shown, but these are much less per- 
manent and of less general use than are the omitted cadastral 
lines. 
The Missouri Geological Survey has had an intermittent 
existence since the year 1853. The first survey, under Prof. 
G. C. Swallow, was in operation from that year until June, 
1861; the second survey, under Messrs. A. D. Hager, Raphael 
Pumpelly and G. C. Broadhead successively, continued from 
the year 1870 until 1875; the third survey, under Mr. Arthur 
Winslow, began in the autumn of the year 1889 and is still in 
* Since this work was commenced, in 1884, the improvements of instru- 
ments and methods have been such that in similar country there will be 
considerable differences in the methods employed at present, for instance 
the cistern barometers would not be employed but in place thereof lines of 
dip angles would be run at intervals for the purpose of checking the indi- 
cations of the aneroids which would be employed in the measurement of 
minor heights. The plane table provided with a compass for orienting 
would be employed in traversing. 
+ These estimates do not include the cost of engraving and printing. 
A.W. 
t Similar maps on a scale of 1 :62,500 constructed by the U.S. Geological 
Survey of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, cost in the vicinity 
of $10.00 per square mile. A. W 
