THE OPENING OF THE BUDS OF SOME WOODY 
PLANTS. 
A. S. Hircnucock. 
Some notes were taken during the spring of 1892 on the 
opening buds of our native shrubs and trees. The drawings 
of the buds and leaves are mostly natural size and were made 
as the leaves appeared. The nomenclature and arrangement 
is that of Gray’s Manual. 
I have been unable to find any literature bearing directly 
upon the subject. Vernation is usually given in monographs 
and systematic notes, as that of Quercus by Engelmann, 
‘‘ About the Oaks of the United States,’’ Trans. St. Louis - 
Acad. Sci. iii., p. 375. The following are some of the refer- 
ences treating of bud-scales, stipules, and glands on young 
leaves: Goebel, Beitrige zur Morphologie und Physiologie 
des Blattes, 1. Die Niederblatter (Bot. Zeit. xxx, p. 753, 
769, 785, 801, 817, 833; Just, viii. 1, p. 114); Schumann, 
Anatomische Studien iiber die Knospenschuppen von Coni- 
feren und Dicotylen Holzgewachsen (Bibl. Botan. Heft. 15, 
1889; Bot. Centr. xlii, 1890, No. 22, p. 275; Just, xvii. 1, p. 
_ 673); Mikosch, Beitrage zur Anatomie und Morphologie der 
_ Knospendecken Dicotylen Holzgewiichse (Sietzungsb. d. 
- kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, B. 74,1 Abth. 1876; Just iv, p. 
453); Areschong, Beitrige zur Biologie der Holzgewiachse 
(Lund, 1877; Just, v, p. 358); Velenovsky, Ueber die 
Achselsprosse einiger Smilax Arten (Flora, 68, p. 2-4; Just, 
xiii. 1, p. 612); C. Hilburg’s Dissertation: Ueber den Bau 
und die Funktion der Nebenblatter, mit Zusatzen von F. Hil- 
debrand (Flora, 1878, No. 11; Just, vi. 1, p. 105); Clos, 
Stipules considerées au point de vue morphologique (Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France, 2d Ser.i, No. 1, 1879, p. 151; Just. vii. 
1, p. 69.) Reinke, Ueber die Funktion der Blattzihne und 
die Morphologische Werthigkeit eineger Laubblattnectarien 
