56 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis 
the environment—to change the conditions to suit. Had 
it not been for this very thing, man would probably have 
been eliminated myriads of years ago. Man began to 
profit by past experiences in dealing with situations of 
the present, and began to look into the present conditions 
with an eye to the future. Man, in other words, does 
not live in the present tense alone, driven along by 
instinct, but he knows of the past, and he knows of the 
future. Those people who live from day to day, pass as 
nearly an animal type of life as it is possible for a human 
being to accomplish. As one of my colleagues puts it: 
‘‘Every man should have three good reasons why he is 
alive, and any man can give two; one, he was born alive, 
and two, he has not passed away. A third reason for 
living would worry some folks.’’? I realize this is an 
insulting thing to say. The truth is not always pleasant. 
I cannot trace with you anything more than enough 
of a sketch to build on, and I therefore will ramble along 
in the same strain. Let us assume a group of human 
beings banded together by a gregarious instinct or for 
the purpose of protection. What is the first thing a com- 
munity of this sort must have? It must have rules and 
regulations governing the activities of the individual 
members so that the colonial life will not work at cross 
purposes. Further, it must delegate, or someone must 
assume, the authority to see to it that the rules are 
observed. In the olden days it was probably the strong- 
est man who ruled, and as the community became more 
and more complicated and men used their heads more 
and their hands less, the craftiest strain got the upper 
hand. The next thing which happened was the develop- 
ment of some sort of measuring stick through which the 
value of an individual to the community might be deter- 
mined because all men could not barter and all men were 
