256 Trans. Acad. Scr. of St. Louis 
1920, I watched to compare the dates. A large number 
of Anthophora abrupta pupae which had been brought 
into the laboratory early in April gave forth their young 
in May;* the males emerged from May 10 to 25 and the 
females only from May 22 to 25. On May 27, I visited 
Wickes and found both sexes abundant about the clay 
bank; this indicates that the time of emergence for the 
controls in the laboratory was about the same as those 
out-of-doors. Previously I had recorded the coincident 
dying off of these bees with the dropping off of the per- 
simmon blossoms, from which they gathered their pollen 
and food. On May 27, I visited the permisson tree near 
their colony, and found it laden with large buds, but 
no insects were about the tree. The next morning, sev- 
eral branches bore flowers; and lo! dozens of Antho- 
phora bees were already present, joyously busy about 
the new blossoms. 
While this may at first seem to be only coincidence, 
or to show that the bees had simply turned to any flowers 
that they could find, we should not be hasty in dubbing it 
mere chance until we have given due consideration to 
the fact that the benefits of the association of blossoms 
and bees may be mutual, and may be of as great impor- 
tance to the one as to the other, or until we have more 
data on these interrelations. 
(f) Death by violence, and natural death. 
To eat and to be eaten seems to be the law of the wild. 
In the interrelation of life in the clay bank, we have re- 
peatedly noticed how one insect falls prey to another. 
We seldom think of natural death among the insects, 
*Trans. Acad. Science St. Louis, 24 735, 1922. 
