Field Studies of the Non-Social Wasps 441 
is interesting to note that although the constrictions, the 
first evidence of transformation, were apparent on 
March 31, the one individual which survived to adult- 
hood did not emerge until much later, June 16. Several 
others from different twigs, not described here, emerged 
during the last week in May. 
In the third sumac twig harboring this species which 
was taken for study, the tunnel, 7 inches long, gave 
every evidence of having been previously used. Al- 
though it was so deep and in all readiness, this wasp 
declined to use more than the customary amount, about 
4 inches. At this distance below the top of the stem was 
a thin mud floor, and above this, crowded into a space 
of 314 inches, were 8 cells containing 8 cocoons of the 
Same light yellow color. An open vestibule occupied 
the upper inch. The partitions were very delicate and 
made of mud; they varied in thickness, but the stoutest 
of them was perhaps 1/16 inch. Seven adults emerged 
from this series during the last week in May, at the 
same time that others of this species came forth. 
Other nests were so similar that it seems superfluous 
to record the details. Some of these, however, brought 
forth parasites, two Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) sp. [S. A. 
Rohwer], and four green parasitic Chalcids of the fam- 
ily Cleonyidae [S, A. Rohwer]. 
Fig. 66B is a nest of this species, and shows the method 
of preparing a twig for study; strips of mica or cover- 
glasses are attached with adhesive tape to replace the 
side of the twig which is cut away. 
Trypoxylow texense Sauss. [S. A. Rohwer]. 
This wasp, red and black with golden pubescence, has 
been taken by me only once in fifteen years collecting 
about St. Louis, It is recorded from Texas, California 
