Historical Resumé 87 
paired scent organ from the hindmost abdominal segment, and 
the male walking nervously about and fluttering its useless wings 
soon finds the female by virtue of its chemotactic response to 
the emanating odor. Blind males find the females, but those 
with the antennae removed do not. If the female scent glands 
are cut off and put wholly apart from the female, the males are 
as strongly attracted to these isolated glands as they are to the 
unmated females. Males try persistently to mate with the iso- 
lated scent glands. Males mated with headless females and with 
females with the head and thorax off. Removing the left or 
right antenna of males caused them to move in repeated circles 
about the female, to the right if the left antenna was removed, 
and to the left if the right one was missing. 
Duges® cut the antennae of two male (Bombyx) Endea 
pavonia minor and these insects were unable to find a female 
which they had previously been able to locate. Trouvelot per- 
formed various experiments on butterflies and on the promethea 
moth; he concludes that the antennae are the organs of smell. 
He regards it as a kind of feeling or smelling at a great distance 
Y some process now entirely unknown. 
Kirkland’ experimented upon the moth Prothetria dispar, and 
found that the males were attracted to their mates solely by the 
odor of the females. He also found that the severed wings of 
the females were highly attractive to the males. 
Mayer, and Soule ® conclude that it is not associative memory, 
but chemotaxis that attracts the males to the females of both 
Callosamia promethea and Porthetria dispar. They covered the 
antennae of the males with flour paste, and the moths did not 
again mate. In many instances, however, they did so immedi- 
ately after the flour paste was dissolved away with~water. In 
this same work the authors found that if the wind was allowed 
to blow from a female toward a male Saturniid moth of the 
same species, the male might be induced to mate with a female of 
another species confined in a eage with him. : 
Riley® liberated a male cynthia moth in the park a mile and a 
half from a female in his window. The next morning the two were 
63: 1-63. 1914. 
$:429. ‘ 
. Coll. 
SQuoted by McIndoo, Smithson. a mere 1906 
TQuoted by Mayer and Soule, Jour. I. 
8Jour. Exp. Zool. 31:429. 1906. 
"Insect Life 7:38-40. 1894. 
