212 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis 
mori. The former made a careful study of the scent producing 
organ of this moth, and considers it the most highly developed 
scent producing organ in the Lepidoptera. With pieces of filter 
paper he succeeded in drawing from these saes some of the secre- 
tion, and then placed the paper in front of freshly emerged 
males. The males at once threw themselves upon it and behaved 
as if the paper were a female. Kellogg obtained similar results, 
and says: ‘‘If the cut out scent glands are put by the side of 
but a little apart from the female from which they were taken, 
the male always neglects the nearby live female and goes di- 
rectly to the scent glands’’ and tries to copulate with them. 
Of the butterfly, Pieris protodice, Rau* says of a pair that 
were trying to remate after having separated, ‘‘The female 
dropped several inches to a lower stratum of leaves and re- 
mained for a few seconds, and then darted away. I expected the 
male to go in hot pursuit; instead, for the next ten minutes 
while the female was dancing over some shrubs a hundred yards 
away, this male was frantically going in and out among the 
leaves in the spot where the female had paused.’’ His frantic 
search was pathetic to see, while a short distance away the fe- 
male was dancing in full view. If the attraction were sight or 
hearing, he could easily have followed her, but the only thing 
that held him was the odor left by the female in the bushes. 
Fabre, in Chapter XI of ‘‘The Life of the Caterpillar’’ is 
much impressed with the behavior of the males of several species 
of moths nearly akin to the material experimented upon in this 
paper. In order to give the foundation for some of his con- 
clusions we here give details from his experiments. 
A captive female of the ‘‘Great Peacock’? moth brought 
hordes of males ‘‘coming from every direction.’’ He removed 
the antennae of six males that came in, let them fly out at lei- 
sure: and then apologizes because only one returned. In the 
light of the experiments of Kellogg, Mayer, myself and others, 
it is surprising that even one returned. I suspect that the one 
never got far from the room, and the find was accidental. In 
a second experiment in a similar situation, involving 16 an- 
tennaless males, none returned. In a third test, 14 marked 
males with full antennae were permitted to escape from the 
3Journ. Anim. Behav. 6, 367, 1916. 
