24 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis 
of a bird that is not migratory in the full sense of the word. 
Unlike Otocoris alpestris alpestris which moves entirely from 
its summer range in winter, O. a. praticola may be found 
throughout the year in the southern limits of its breeding range. 
Whether all individuals of this subspecies move south in winter, 
northern forms replacing southern in southern Illinois, Missouri 
and Kansas and the breeding forms of these regions moving 
further south, or whether the birds here are permanent resi- 
dents, that is sedentary, and the northern forms pass over their 
heads to regions further south cannot be said. Such questions 
can be answered only by marking or banding individuals. What- 
ever the case may be, individuals are never lacking, at any time 
of the year, throughout the southern half of the breeding area 
and even on the northern border representatives are rarely want- 
ing for more than six weeks or the two months of December 
and January. 
Henshaw (1884) notes that it occurs in Texas in winter; 
Dwight (1890) records it from South Carolina and central 
Texas; Oberholser (1902) gives the Carolinas, Kentucky, Texas 
and easually west to Colorado and Arizona. Smith (1912) 
writes that it arrives November 9 and leaves March 20 in Mont- 
gomery County, Virginia; Brumley (1893) says it was com- 
mon at Raleigh, North Carolina, in December, 1885, again with 
O. a. alpestris in January, 1887, and in small numbers January, 
1893. Loomis (1887) took O. a. praticola in Chester County, 
South Carolina, early December, 1886. He records (1888) great 
numbers in December and January; of these he collected, in 
December, 119 of which 103 were females and only sixteen 
males. In January he collected thirty females and only ten 
males. This amazing discrepancy in sex is a phenomenon of 
migration the explanation for which is not clear unless it be 
that the males, more attached to their breeding territories, 
remain nearer to them, or begin their return to them much 
earlier than the females. Loomis (1891) continued these obser- 
vations with similar results. He notes, in addition to the dis- 
erepancy of sex (42 males, 225 females in birds shot in 1887, 
1888 and 1890), that the first arrivals appear the last week in 
November. 
Wilson (1922) calls the Prairie Horned Lark a common win- 
ter resident at Bowling Green, Kentucky, noted from July 28 
