Reproduction Bh 
Feeding in relation to nesting territories——The males were 
on their areas so religiously that most of their feeding must have 
been done there too. However, now and then, one would be 
seen to fly up and out of sight as if intent on a considerable 
journey. These journeys at Ithaca were to the northeast and 
to the south. The attraction to the northeast was not ascertained 
but to the south was a stubble field with patches of Setaria. 
This was, apparently, a neutral feeding territory for several 
Larks. All observed feedings of the female were also within the 
territories at Ithaca, though at Evanston the female would go 
out considerable distances, clearly outside the nesting territory, 
though she gathered much food, as well, within the immediate 
Vicinity of the nest. Incidentally, it should be noted, the female 
would mark out the territory if she were driven from place to 
place, though, being quiet and less obvious than the male, it was 
difficult to follow her for any length of time. 
Nests were placed, of course, in these territories and placed 
with little regard to the center of the areas. ‘‘B:’’, for instance, 
was on the southeast margin whereas ‘‘Bs’’ was on the extreme 
west. For complete data of nestings see Table 9. It is probably 
unnecessary to say that, though the male established the bounds 
of the territory, the female chose the nest site. Finally, it 
should be noted, that in one or two cases at least, the Larks were 
mated before territory bounds were definitely established though 
the reverse seemed true of others. 
Summary of nesting territories—Territories, at Ithaca and 
probably also at Evanston, were established very early in the 
spring and maintained with the same boundaries,* wherever 
possible, throughout the breeding season. Any change they 
were suffered to undergo came about with that one factor which 
the Prairie Horned Lark cannot endure, the advent of heavy 
vegetation. 
Courtship 
Song, the establishment of territory, battles at the boundaries, 
all these are part of courtship and have been discussed in pre- 
ceding paragraphs. A few more items regarding fighting of 
liar in 
As will be noted later the fourth eee of yg “B” was — vill 
tha igm other three. Its 0 aerenee. in 
and fhe gp ns 2 the tas cervitony in 1927 gobpend <6 clinch the identity - 
e territory (though the birds e to own "T1028, he tells of 
letter ‘Fecelved from M, D, Pirnie at Ithaca, dated A cr pind 12, 
t in this same territory with the same type of pind 
