171 [ 174°} 
perature of 164°. There. were a few helianthi in bloom, with some other 
low plant: 
plants, and tie pines was green round about; the ground warm, and 
the air pleasant, with asummer atmosphere that was very grateful in a day 
of high and cold searching wind. The rocks'were covered with a white 
and red incrustation ; and the water has on the tongue the same unpleas- 
ant effect as that of the Basin spring on Bear river. T ey form several 
branches, and bubble up with force enough to raise the small pebbles seve- 
ral inches. - 
The following is an analysis of the deposite with which the rocks are 
incrusted : : 
Analysis. 
Silica . ; ‘ : 272.55 | 
Carbonate oflime_ - - - a - 14.60. 
Carbonate of magnesia - - ° - 1.20 
Oxide of iron : - ° - - 4.65 
i - - - - 0.70 
Alumina” - - 
Chloride of sodium, &c. 
Sulphate of soda - - - 1.10 
Sulphate of lime, &c. 
- Organic vegetable matter ee ee 
- Water and loss i ‘ = 
& 
100.00 
These springs are near the foot of the ridge, (a dark and rugged looking 
mountain, ) in which some of the nearer rocks have a reddish appearance, 
and probably consist of a reddish-brown trap, fragments of which were 
scattered along the road after leaving the spring. The road was now about 
to cross the point of this mountain, which we judged to be a spur from the 
Salmon river range. We crossed a small creek, and encamped about 
sunset on a stream, which is probably Lake river. This isasmall stream, 
some five or six feet broad, with a swift current, timbered principally with 
willows and some few cottonwoods. Along the banks were canes, rose 
bushes, and clematis, with Purshia tridentata and artemisias on the upper 
bottom. The sombre appearance of the country is somewhat relieved in 
coming unexpectedly from the dark rocks upon these green and wooded 
watercourses, sunk in chasms; and, in the spring, the contrasted effect 
must make them beautiful. 
The thermometer at sunset 47°, and the night threatening snow. 
October 6.—The morning warm, the thermometer 46° at sunrise, and sky 
entirely clouded. After travellingaboutthree milesoveran extremely rocky 
road, the volcanic fragn,ents began to disappear ; and, entering among the 
hills at the point of the mountain, we found ourselves suddenly in a granite 
the artemisia disap; ‘Ys §° ; 
the close of the day, and was replaced by Purshia tridentata, with flowering 
shrubs, and small fields of dieteria divaricata, which gave bloom and gayety. 
to the hills.- These were every where covered with a fresh and green short 
grass, like that of the early spring. This is the fall or second growth, th 
dried grass having been burnt off by the Indians; and vheree 
has passed, the bright-green color is universal. The soil among 
country. Here, the character of the vegetation was very much changed; 
Bch net cuthingie ehillat ly atintervals towards — 
Si ie 
