raw 194 
scattered its ashes, like a light fall of snow, over the Dalles of the Colum- 
bia, 50 miles distant.. A specimen of these ashes was given to me by Mr, 
Brewer, one of the clergymen at the Dalles. ; 
The lofty range of the. Cascade mountains forms a distinct boundary be- 
tween the opposite climates of the regions along its western and eastern 
bases. On the west, they present a barrier to the clouds of fog and rain 
which roll up from the Pacifie ocean and beat against their rugged sides, 
forming the rainy season of the winter in the country along the coast. 
Into the brighter skies of the region along their eastern base, this rainy 
winter never penetrates;.and at. the Dalles of thé*Columbia the rainy 
season is unknown, the brief winter being limfted to a period of about two 
months, during which the earth is covered with the slight snows of a — 
climate remarkably mild for so high a latitude. The Cascade range has 
an average distance of about 130 miles from the sea coast. It extends far 
both north and south of the Columbia, and. is indicated to the distant ob- 
server, both in course and position, by the lofiy voleanic peaks which rise 
out of it, and which are visible to an immense distance. 
During several days of constant raip, it kept our whole force laboriously 
employed in getting our barge and canoes to the upper end of the cascades. 
The portage ground was occupied by emigrant families; their thin and in- 
sufficient clothing, bare-headed.and. bare-footed. children, attesting the 
length of their journey, and showing that they had, in many instances, set 
out without a due preparation of what was ipdispensable. . nee 
A gentleman named Liiders, a botanist from the city of Hamburg, ar- 
rived at the bay I have called by hisname while we were occupied in bring- 
ing’up the boats. . I was delighted to meet at such a place a man of kindred 
pursuits; but we had only the pleasure of a brief conversation, as his canoe, 
under the guidance of two Indians, was about to run the rapids; and I 
could not enjoy the satisfaction of regaling him with a breakfast, which, 
after his recent journey, would have been an extraordinary luxury. All 
of his few instruments and baggage were in the canoe, and he hurried 
around by land to meet it at the Grave-yard bay; but he was scarcely out 
of sight, when, by the carelessness of the Indians, the boat was drawn into - 
the midst of the rapids, and glanced down the river, bottom up, with the 
loss of every thing it contained. In the natugal concern I felt fon, his mis- 
fortune, I gave'to the little cove the name of Liiders bay. i, Mae 
. November 15.—We continued to-day our work at the portage. .. 
About noon, the two barges of the express from Montreal arrived at the 
upper portage landing, which, for large boats, is on the right bank of ,the 
river. They were afine-looking crew, and among them I remarked a fresh-\* 
looking woman and her daughter, emigrants. from Canada. dt was satis- 
etory to see the order and speed with which these experienced watermen 
effected the portage, and passed their boats over the cascades. They had - 
arrived at noon, and in the evening they expected to.reach Vancouver. 
These batteaus carry the expresgof the Hudson Bay Company to the high- 
est navigable point of the north fork of the Columbia, whence it is carried 
by an overland party to lake Winipec, where. it is divided—part going to” 
Montreal, and part to. Hudson bay: Thus a regular communication is - 
kept up between three very.remote points. cay | : 
_. The Canadian emigrant was much .chagrined at the change of climate, - 
and informed me that, only a few miles above, they had left @ country of 
bright blue sky and a shining stin.. The next morning the upper parts of 
i =e *-: # 
