July 14, 1888.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



51 



surplus was made over and above its expenses and 

 invested as a contingent fund. His own collections 

 of course contributed largely to tbe interest of the 

 exhibitions. All the public institutions of Phila- 

 delphia owed a large measure of success to his active 

 and generous aid and patronage. 



Suddenly, about the year 1855, by the abuse of con- 

 fidence by a partner, the whole of his wealth was swept 

 away, and the firm went into bankruptcy. The 

 collections of plants went to the auction mart, and 

 the estate was sold to persons with no love for horti- 

 culture. The horticultural glories of Spring Brook 

 closed. The estate is now used as a public charity, 

 under the will of the great tragedian, Edwin Forrest 

 — the Forrest Home for Unfortunate Actors. Mr. 

 Cope's friends came to his rescue. He again entered 

 business, was successful, paid every dollar of the old 

 indebtedness of his firm, and accumulated enough to 

 buy another beautiful home in the suburbs of Phila- 

 delphia, turning his attention, however, to outdoor 

 gardening only. With the same generosity that 

 marked his earlier career, these grounds were also 

 free to the public. 



When the Southern States rebelled in 1861 there 

 were large numbers in the South true to the old 

 Government, who, soon after losing their wealth, 

 escaped through the lines to the North. Among 

 these were the widow and daughter of one of the 

 leading families of Nashville, who came to Phila- 

 delphia. These refugees always excited the sym- 

 pathy of the Northern Unionists. These two fell to 

 Mr. Cope's charge, and he subsequently married the 

 daughter, who, with two sons, now survive him. 



On account of advanced age at the time of their 

 decease living horticulturists have but a faint idea 

 of the great debt due to Wilder and Cope for their 

 work, but those who study the history of the past 

 will fully understand the noble lesson of their lives. 

 TJiomas Median. 



The Weather. 



THE PAST WEEK. 



The following summary record of the weather for 

 the week ending July 9, is furnished from the 

 Meteorological Office : — 



" The weather has continued in an unsettled and 

 most unseasonable condition in all parts of the 

 kingdom. Thunder and lightning have been of 

 frequent occurrence in most parts of England, and 

 at some of the Irish stations, and the falls of rain at 

 times very heavy. In the south of London on the 

 6th an inch of rain fell in the short space of half an 

 hour. 



" The temperature has again been below the mean, 

 the deficit in most districts varying from 4° to 6°. 

 The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on 

 somewhat irregular dates, ranged from 63° in ' Scot- 

 land, W.,' to 71° in the ' Midland Counties ' and 

 England, S.W.' The lowest of the minima were 

 generally registered towards the close of the week, 

 when the thermometer fell to 32° in 'Scotland, N.,' 

 34° in ' Ireland, N.,' and to between 37° and 42° in 

 most other districts. At Newton Reigny (in 'Eng- 

 land, N.W.') the minimum on the 9th is reported to 

 have been as low as 30°. 



" Rainfall has been rather less than the mean in 

 Scotland, as well as in the north-west of England 

 and north of Ireland, but in most other parts of the 

 kingdom an excess is shown, especially in the east 

 and south of England. 



"Bright sunshine has continued very deficient 

 generally, the percentage of the possible amount of 

 duration in most districts varying from 15 to 28. 

 In ' Scotland, N.,' the percentage was 35, and in 

 the ' Channel Islands,' 36. 



MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR- 

 INO THE WEEK ENDING JULY 21. (AVERAGE OF 

 FORTY-FOUR. YEARS.) 



July 15 ... 



... 63"A 



July 19 



.. as°.4 



,. 10 ... 



... 63°.4 



,, 20 



.. 63°.4 



„ 17 ... 



... 63°.4 



,. 21 



.. 63°.4 



,. IS ... 



... 03'.4 



Meau for the week 



.. 63°.4 



[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and 

 duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or 

 below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed iu Day- 

 degree — a '* Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for 

 twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an 

 inversely proportional number of hours.] 





Temperature. 





Above or 

 below the 

 Mean for 



ending 

 Jul y 9. 



Accumulated. 



Districts. 



II 

 < 



%£ 

 «" 



ig g . 



5 aoi 



|a 



Principal Wheat pro- 

 ducing Districts. 





Day- 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



Day. 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



0. Scotland, N. ... 



6 below 



40 







— 115 



+ 201 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



6 below 



6) 







— 243 



+ 157 



2. England, N.E. ... 



6 below 



76 







— 265 



+ 73 



3. England, E. 



5 below 



101 







— 212 



+ 154 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



5 below 



92 







— 257 



+ 150 



5. England, S. 



4 below 



106 







— 296 



+ 204 



Principal Grazing, &c, 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



4 be:ow 



76 







- 176 



+ 107 



7. England, N.W... . 



5 below 



85 







— 212 



+ 117 



8. England, S.W.... 



3 below 



Ull 







— 272 



+ 251 



9. Ireland, N. 



4 below 



86 







— 173 



+ 67 



10. Ireland, S. 



3 below 



100 







— 155 



+ 113 



— Channel Islands 



2 below 



111 







— 223 



+ 154 





Rainfall. 



Bright 

 Suxshlne. 



DISTRICT3. 



J3 O 



•J 



if! 



-1 



1 





Principal Wheat-pro- 

 ducing Districts. 



Tculhs of 

 Inch. 





Ins. 







0. Scotland, N. ... 



1 lesa 



122 



19.3 



35 



31 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



1 less 



101 



14.6 



15 



31 



2. England, N.E. ... 



(aver.) 



95 



11.6 



17 



27 



3. England, E. ... 



5 more 



98 



11.5 



22 



29 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



(aver.) 



89 



11.4 



18 



26 



5 England, S. 



6 more 



93 



13.1 



20 



27 



Principal Grazing, &c. , 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



2 less 



91 



20.6 



16 



•3 



7. England.N.W.... 



2 less 



98 



11.9 



16 



29 



8. England, S.W.... 



2 more 



99 



15.8 



33 



34 



9. Ireland, N. 



4 less 



101 



17.4 



18 



29 



10. Ireland, S. 



1 more 



94 



18.8 



28 



33 



— Channel Islands 



2 more 



115 



14.7 



36 



38 



Notices to Correspondents. 



REPORTS OF SHOWS. — Several show reports 

 have been received by us, viz., Ipswich and East of 

 England, Glasgow and West of Scotland, Chertsey 

 and District, which we hope to be enabled to insert 

 in our next issue. 



Ants in Tobf : Constant Header. There are many 

 ways of getting rid of these intruders ; two that 

 are effectual, and not injurious to vegetation, are 

 carbolic acid and Osier-bark steep. The former 

 should be diluted with twelve times its weight of 

 water, and poured or squirted into their haunts ; 

 the latter — which is the water in which Willow 

 bark and Osiers for basket-making are steeped 

 before peeling — can be used undiluted. 



Herbaceous Plants : W. C. S~. See our numbers 

 for January 21, and February 1, of this year. 

 Hardy Flowers, by W. Robinson (Macmillan & 

 Co., London) ; Thomson's Hardy Be-y/c of the 



Flower Garden (W. Blackwood & Sons, London 

 and Edinburgh). 



Lathyrus cozruleus : S. $ N. S. Co. Very pretty 

 and worth extended culture, but, of course, no 

 novelty. 



Lettuce : A Constant Header. We have no acquaint- 

 ance with the variety you mention. 



Magnolia: W. A. G. Cut it back in September, 

 early, the plant will then have time to develope 

 incipient wood-buds by the springtime, when it 

 should bristle with young growths, which may 

 then be thinned out, leaving the strongest and 

 best placed. 



Names of Plants: A. C. 1, probably Citoneaster 

 nepalensis ; 2, Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot) ; 3, 

 Agrostemma Githago ; 4, Agrostis vulgaris. — C. 

 A. 1, Phyllanthus nivosus ; 2, Primula obconica ; 



3, Lychnis flos jovis ; 4, Tradescantia virginica. 

 — Lyminyton. The seed vessels of one of the 

 Poplars ; you do not send leaf, so we cannot tell 

 you which — probably the Canadian. — Tyro. 1, 

 Mackaya bella ; 2, Selaginella crcsia ; 3, Selaginella 

 denticulata ; 4, Euphorbia cyparissias ; 5, Sedum 

 rupestre ; 6, Papaver nudicaule. — D. J. W. Trache- 

 lium cceruleum, white variety. — W. S. 1, Rhus 

 cotinus ; 2, Escallonia rubra, white variety. — H. 

 J. R. Arum dracunculus, Ornithogalum arabicum. 

 — Constant Reader. 1, Euphorbia cyparissias ; the 

 Saxifrage next week. — C. A. L. 1, Caccinia glauca ; 

 2, Iris ochroleuca ; 3, an Allium, not recognisable ; 



4, Sempervivum montanum ; 5, Veronica ; 6, Scu- 

 tellaria (see next week). — Carfutilla. Habenaria 

 chlorantha (Butterfly Orchis). — ./. L. 1, Spergula 

 arvensis; 2, Polygonum aviculare (Knot-grass, so 

 called because it is not a grass). — J. C. Ross. Cym- 

 bidium aloefolium. — Hy. Carder. Cirrhaia fusco- 

 luteuin. — T. Horsman. Odontoglossum luteo-pur- 

 pureura, which has been fertilised. — J. McL. Cra- 

 taegus, probably C. tanacetifolia, but it is impos- 

 sible to say for certain from the specimen. Send 

 when in fruit. — G. S. Probably Iris spuria. The 

 Lupin is a pretty form. Aquilegia specimens 

 insufficient. — J. B. Hieracium aurantiacum. 



Onion : O. § M. The bulb resembles Early Nocera ; 

 at any rate it is early, and therefore deserving of 

 notice. Should make a pickling Onion if taken 

 at the proper time. 



Rose : ./. K. The union of two Roses on one stalk 

 is not uncommon. Many thanks. 



Royal Horticultural Society : Grey-Beard. — 

 There is happily now no reason whatever to 

 despair. Things have not been so favourable for 

 many years. The Council has worked hard, and 

 done wonders in the time, and, as there is still 

 much to be done, we have no doubt they will take 

 note of the circumstances you mention. 



Shells : Constant Reader. The little conical shells 

 found in a pot in which Eucharis amazonici was 

 growing, are either Rissoa ulva; or Odostomia 

 conoidea. /. 0. W. 



Moth : A. L. Sphinx ligustri, not uncommon. 



Tomatos : J. F., G. B., and Others. Yes. Try the 

 effect of sulphate of copper, as recommended last 

 week (p. 15), and let us know the result. 



Communication's ltiX'KlVED : — J. V. V., Brussels. — Prof . 

 Cornu, Paris. — J. H. K., Haarlem. — T. H. P. — M. C. C— 

 J. W. — H. G. — Dr. B. — Dickson, Brown & Tait. — J. K.— 

 A. d'Hajne.— J. D. & Sons.— D. M.— J. C. — E. P., Ghent. — 

 H.M. Consul, Dusseldorf — Baron V. Mueller— J. J.— 

 R. H. P.— W. S.— S. Davis-J. S.— F. R.— J. E— J. R — 

 D. C— J. W. S. & Co.— Camjee— R. W. P.— J. It. J.— E. .1 . 

 —A. D.— Deane & Co.— R. M. R.— E. F. T.— H. C. & Sons. 

 f^* Correspondents sending plants or frnits to be named, or 



asking questions demanding timeand research, for their solution, 



must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the 



current week. 



ARKETS. 



COVENT GARDEN, July 12. 

 No alteration. Trade bad. James Wehher, Whole- 

 sale Apple Market. 



Fruit.— Ayfrige Wholesale Prices. 



s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. 



Cherries.half-sieve... 3 0- 6 Peaches, dozen ... 2 0-10 



Grape", per lb. ... 16 3 6 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 2 0- ... 



Kent Cobs, 100 lb. ...40 0-45 ' —St. Michael, each 3 0-50 



Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 .Strawberries, lb. ... 6-10 

 JI.'loa!. each ... 10-30 



