110 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[July 28, 1888. 



fill ; he grows only about 130 H.P.'s and forty Teas, 

 and yet he competes in a class where growers ex- 

 hibit who have some 800 or 1000 trees, and beats 

 them too. His blooms are large, well-finished, and 

 excellent in all points, they comprised Lady Mary 

 Fitzwilliam, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, 

 Etienne Levet, Merveille de Lyon, Xavier Olibo, 

 Catherine Mermet, A. K. Williams, Marie Baumann, 

 Louis van Houtte, and Madame Eugene Verdier. 



In the Tea and Noisette division there were many 

 beautiful stands exhibited, those of the amateurs 

 being ahead of the nurserymen, so I give the 

 flowers in their classes. The Rev. F. R. Burnside 

 was 1st in twelve Teas, with beautifully clear 

 flowers of The Bride, Marie Bravy, Madame Cusin, 

 Marie van Houtte, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Catherine 

 Mermet, Marechal Niel, Innocente Pirola, Hon. 

 Edith Giffard, Fran$ois Kruger, Jules Finger, 

 Souvenir d'Elise. He was run very hard by E. B. 

 Lindsell, Esq., of Beaston, with a box containing 

 the following : — La Boule d'Or, Niphetos, Comtesse 

 de Nadaillac, Madame Cusin, The Bride, Catherine 

 Mermet, Caroline Kuster, Princess of Wales, Fran- 

 cois Kruger, Innocente Pirola, Souvenir d'Elise 

 Vardon, and Madame Lambard. 



In the class for six Teas the Rev. Foster Melliar 

 was 1st, with a good stand of Francois Kruger, 

 Catherine Mermet, Madame Cusin, La Boule d'Or, 

 Marie van Houtte, and Souvenir d'un Ami. The 

 Silver Medal for the best Tea or Noisette in the 

 amateur's division was awarded to Rev. F. R. Burn- 

 side, for a beautiful bloom of Marie van Houtte ; and 

 that for the best H.P. in the same division to E. B. 

 Lindsell, Esq., of Beaston, for a beautiful bloom of 

 Her Majesty. 



The class for new Roses is always an interesting 

 one, and on this occasion the 1st prize was taken by 

 Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, with Victor Hugo. 

 This will be a general favourite. Comte de Paris, 

 Lady Alice, Madame Joseph Desbois, blush white, 

 centre rosy ; it was sent out as a hybrid Tea, but, 

 like a good many, might as well have been called a 

 hybrid perpetual. Madame Henri Periere, Madame 

 Mussat, Her Majesty, Souvenir d'Alphonse Lavalee, 

 Lady Helen Stuart, Edward Heine, The Bride, and 

 Miss Ethel Brownlow. 



As before the arrangements were carried out most 

 successfully by Mr. George Byers, the Assistant- 

 Secretary under the superintendence of Mr. E. K. 

 Whitwell, who, unfortunately, was not only not 

 able to exhibit, but was prevented from taking 

 as active a share as usual in the proceedings owing 

 to an injury in the knee received while playing 

 cricket with his children ; but nothing could be 

 better than the arrangements of the exhibition, and 

 great credit is due to all concerned. 



The Weather. 



MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR- 

 ING THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 4. (AVERAGE 

 OF FORTY-FOUR YEARS.) 



July29 ... 



... 63°.3 



Aug. 2 



.. 63°.2 



„ 30 ... 



... 63°.3 



„ 3 



.. 63 .2 



„ 31 ... 



... 63°.3 



„ 4 



.. 63°.2 



Aug. 1 ... 



... 63°.2 



Mean for the week . 



. 63°.2 



THE PAST WEEK. 



The following summary record of the weather for 

 the week ending July 23, is furnished from the 

 Meteorological Office : — 



" The weather has continued dull and unsettled very 

 generally, with local thunderstorms and frequent 

 falls of rain. 



" The temperature has been somewhat higher than 

 of late, and in some parts of Scotland it has slightly 

 exceeded the mean for the time of the year ; in all 

 other districts, however, a deficit is still shown, 

 varying in amount from 1° to 3°. The highest of 

 the maxima, which were recorded at most stations 

 on the 19th, ranged from 67° in the 'Channel 

 Islands ' to 71 in ' Ireland, S.,' and to 77° in the north 

 and east of Scotland. The minima were in most 

 cases rather above their mean value for the time of 

 year, but on some occasions they fall below it, the 

 absolute minima varying from 40° to 42° in Scot- 

 land, from 47° to 49 in Ireland, and from 44 c to 

 49° in England. In the ' Channel Islands ' the 

 lowest reading was 53°. 



" Rainfall has been a little less than the mean in 



' England, E.,' and about equal to it in ' Scotland, N.,' 

 but more in all other districts, the excess in some 

 localities being considerable. At Newton Reigny, 

 during a thunderstorm on the 22nd, 0.42 inch of rain 

 fell in the brief space of eight minutes. 



" Bright sunshine has been very little prevalent, the 

 percentage of the possible amount of duration rang- 

 ing from 36 in ' England, N.E.' to 18 in ' England, S.,' 

 and only 16 in the ' Channel Islands.' " 



[Accu m u l ated temperature indicates the combined amount and 

 duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or 

 below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- 

 degree — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for 

 twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an 

 inversely proportional number of hours.] 





Temperature. 





Above or 

 below the 



Mean for 

 the -week 



ending 



July 23. 



Accumulated. 



Districts. 



IT "a! 



o"'Sf 

 if 



Us 



II 



8 a 

 i.2°o 



si 



Principal Wheat pro- 

 ducing Districts. 





Day- 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



Day. 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



0. Scotland, N. ... 



(aver.) 



91 







— 129 



+ 201 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



1 below 



102 







— 272 



+ 157 



2. England, N.E. ... 



1 below 



113 







— 315 



+ 73 



3. England, E. 



2 below 



127 







— 254 



+ 154 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



2 below 



125 







— 296 



+ 150 



5. England, S. 



2 below 



127 







— 339 



+ 204 



Principal Grazing, &c, 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, "W. ... 



1 above 



113 







- 192 



+ 107 



7. England, N.W.... 



1 below 



119 







— 232 



+ 117 



8. England, S.W.... 



2 below 



117 







— 300 



+ 254 



9. Ireland, N. 



1 below 



111 







— 164 



+ 67 



10. Ireland, S. 



1 below 



116 







— 171 



+ 113 



— Channel Islands 



3 below 



117 







— 254 



+ 154 





Raintall. 



Bright 

 Sunshine. 



DISTBI0TS. 



g 



1? 



Pro 





i 



& '3 



Principal Wheat-pro- 

 ducing Districts. 



Tenths of 

 Inch. 





Ins. 







0. Scotland, N. ... 



(aver.) 



131 



20.7 



25 



31 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



7 more 



114 



17.4 



34 



31 



2. England, N.E. ... 



4 more 



105 



14.4 



36 



26 



3. England, E. ... 



1 less 



:07 



12.8 



28 



28 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



.3 more 



99 



13.6 



23 



26 



5 England, S. 



2 more 



101 



14.3 



18 



27 



Principal Grazing, &c. , 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



5 more 



105 



23.0 



23 



;2 



7. England.N.W.... 



4 more 



108 



14.2 



27 



28 



8. England, S.W.... 



3 more 



110 



17.8 



26 



34 



9. Ireland, N. 



3 more 



111 



19.0 



27 



28 



10. Ireland, S. 



4 more 



102 



20.1 



29 



33 



— Channel Islands 



5 more 



125 



16.4 



16 



37 



Notices to Correspondents, 



Aquatic Plants: Aquarium. Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale 

 Farm, Tottenham, grows many of the hardy 

 species. Messrs. Backhouse & Sons, York, and 

 J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, cultivate the tropical 

 and tender species. 



Apeles Falling off Tree: E. M. P. It sets too 

 many fruit's. Another year try timely thinning, 

 and mulch the ground over the roots with short 



dung. If you do not manage to secure a crop soon, 

 your tree will run entirely to shoots and foliage, 

 and then there will be no other course for you to 

 pursue but to transplant it. 



Ayrshire Rose : E. M. P. Your Rose has acquired 

 a sportive habit. It will revert in course of time 

 to its original sobriety of behaviour. Sporting is 

 common amongst Roses. 



Books : G. B. Read the chapters on the " Life- 

 History of Plants " in Cassell's Popular Gardening. 

 Apply, stating your requirements to the Secretary, 

 Science and Art Department, South Kensington. 



Chrysanthemum Leaves : Amateur. The leaves have 

 been spoiled by the leaf miner. Whenever these 

 grubs are seen making runs between the upper and 

 lower epidermis of the leaf they should be crushed 

 between the finger and thumb, and when very 

 numerous cut off the leaves and burn them. 



Gardening Book for a Beginner : J. E. T. Villa, 

 Gardening, by Ed. Hobday (Macmillan & Co.) 



Grapes : Anxious. It is a bad case of shanking. Some- 

 thing is wrong at the roots, and should be put right 

 early in the autumn. You can do nothing now to 

 stop the loss of fruit from this malady. Healthy 

 roots, large foliage, well ripened wood, proper 

 ventilation and not excessive cropping, do not 

 produce shanked berries. 



Hollyhocks Diseased : G. F. P., Egham. Yours is 

 a virulent example of the Hollyhock disease, as 

 caused by the fungus named Puccinia malvacea- 

 rum. All diseased material should be as effectually 

 destroyed as possible. W. G. 8. 



Insects : H. B. P. Your Pern leaves are thickly 

 marked with little reddish-brown spots. We could 

 not discover the slightest trace of an insect ; in- 

 deed, the spots are in a position where insects 

 could not have attacked them, being at the furca- 

 tions of the little veinlets, and along the mid- 

 ribs. W. — D. D. Sirex gigas ; frequently to be 

 met with in Pir trees. 



Manual on the Culture of Hazel Nuts : E. C. P. 

 We know of no treatise in the English language, 

 but the cultivation of Pilberts is pretty fully 

 treated in Profitable Fruit Farming, by C. White- 

 head, price Is., Longmans, Green & Co., London ; 

 and in Fruit Farming for Profit, by G. Bunyard, 

 price Is. 6d, free by post : F. Bunyard, 29, Week 

 Street, Maidstone. Die Huzel Nuss, by Goeschke, 

 is the best book on the subject. It is in the 

 German tongue. 



Mushroom : W. D. A good specimen of a frequent 

 monstrosity. 



Mushroom Growing: Constant. -Boxes and barrels 

 may be used, also nursery flats (baskets). In 

 putting in. the materials, put in 6 inches of fresh 

 droppings, levelled and trodden firm, then follow 

 with 2 inches of adhesive loam, also pressed firmly, 

 more dung, and so on till the receptacle is full. Get 

 Mushrooms for the Million, by J. Wright, published 

 at 171, Fleet Street, E.C. 



Names of Plants : B. P. 1, Clematis flammula ; 2, 

 Oenothera Youngii ; 3, Silphium laciniatum ; 4, 

 Aconitum lycoctonum ; 5, Lychnis coronaria ; 6, 

 Sedum spurium. — W. A. G. 1 and 2, Adiantum 

 concinnum- latum ; 3, A. Pacotti; 4, A. Ludde- 

 mannianum ; 5 and 7, A. hispidulum ; 6, A. 

 affine ; 8, Nephrolepis Bausei ; 9, N. tuberosa ; 

 10, Gymnogramma japonica ; 11, Adiantum 

 decorum ; 12, Polypodium longipes. — W. C. H. 

 1, a hybrid Pink ; 2, 3, and 4, varietiesof Pe- 

 largonium peltatum ; 5, Lychnis chalcedonica ; 

 6, Oxalis Ortguiesii ; 7, Primula obconica ; 8, 

 Panicum variegatum. — W. W. 1, we cannot name 

 Roses ; 2, Adiantum formosum ; 3, Campanula 

 persicifolia ; 4, Lychnis coronaria. — W. V. So- 

 bralia xantholeuca. — M. L. 2). The white flower 

 is Passion-flower, Constance Elliot ; the claret- 

 coloured one seems to be a hybrid between ker- 

 mesina and racemosa. — Lost. Diplopappus chry- 

 sophyllus. — J. J. 8; S, Melianthus major. — J. D. 

 1, Geranium dissectum ; 2, Epilobium hirsutum ; 

 3, Salvia Verbenaca. It is not possible to attack 

 the weeds directly, but by drainage and high 

 cultivation you may encourage the grasses to 

 the detriment of the weeds. — D. T. 1, Cistus 

 laurifolius; 2, Escallonia macrantba ; 3, Lonicera 

 japonica; 4, Cotoneaster microphylla ; 5, Spiraea 

 arcuata ; 6, Leycesteria formosa. — S. Bag. Ordi- 

 nary wild Mushroom. — A. B. C. Cirrhecea tristis, 

 probably, but the specimens are very bad. 



ODONTOGLOfestnn c'btspum PisEASto : W.E. "W.E." 

 sends a leaf thickly infested with brownish disease 



