August 2o, 1888.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



221 



The chief varieties of Conifers were Ketinospora 

 plumosa aurea, Cnpressus Lawsoniana lutea, Taxus 

 aurea. Variegated grass, Dactylis glomerata elegan- 

 tissima anrea, backed with a new hardy Fuchsia, was 

 used as a border to the group. Their cut flowers 

 and Roses made a very effective display. 



For a collection of herbaceous plants, flowers, &c, 

 Messrs. Kent & Brydon, Darlington, were highly 

 commended, and Mr. W. R. Armstrong, of High 

 Cross, Elswick Road, Newcastle, was commended for 

 his exhibit of six or eight large plants. Messrs. 

 Harkness & Sons, Bedale, Yorkshire, took a prize for 

 twenty-four cut Roses. 



The Weather. 



:cumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and 

 duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or 

 below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- 

 degree — a "Day-degree'* signifying 1° continued for 

 twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an 

 inversely proportional number of hours.] 



Temperature. 







Accumulated. 









® a 



* d 



Districts. 



Above or 

 below the 







a 



§• 





Mean for 







a - . 



a = r 





the week 



ending 



p 



^ 



7 11 



111 





Aug. 20. 



Is 



•< 



g* 





ft 



- i 



Principal Wheat pro- 





Day- 



Day- 



Day- 



Day- 



ducing Districts. 





deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



0. Scotland, N. ... 



5 below 



50 







— 228 



+ 201 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



5 below 



65 







— 388 



+ 157 



2. England, N.E. ... 



6 below 



71 







— 415 



+ 7:! 



3. ENGLAND, E. 



8 below 



78 







— 327 



+ 154 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



7 below 



78 







— 386 



+ 150 



h. England, S. 



6 below 



95 







— 416 



+ 204 



Principal Grazing, &c, 













Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



4 below 



77 







— 287 



+ 107 



7. England, N.W.... 



6 below 



79 







— 31S 



+ 117 



8. England. S.W.... 



6 below 



86 







— 388 



+ 964 



9. Ireland, N. 



3 below 



91 







— 254 



+ 67 



10. Ireland, S. 



4 below 



94 







— 233 



+ 113 



— Channel Islands 



3 below 



113 







— 306 



+ 154 





Rainfall. 



Bright 

 Sunshine. 



Districts. 



a 



i" 



8 eg 



2 





ill 



1 = 1 



Principal Wheat^pro- 

 ducing Districts. 



Tentlis of 

 Inch. 





m, 







0. Scotland, N. ... 



5 ess 



148 



23.0 



53 



30 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



4 less 



130 



19.1 



38 



30 



2. England, N.E. ... 



4 less 



121 



17.5 



29 



26 



3. England, E. ... 



1 less 



:23 



16.3 



25 



. 28 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



2 less 



114 



15.9 



30 



27 



5 England, S. 



2 less 



115 



17.5 



34 



28 



Principal Grazing, 4c. , 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



4 less 



123 



26.5 



44 



.2 



7. England, N.W.... 



4 less 



123 



17.9 



35 



28 



8. England, S.W.... 



1 more 



127 



21.1 



43 



34 



9. Ireland, N. 



2 less 



128 



23.4 



37 



28 



10. Ireland, S. 



3 more 



117 



23.9 



41 



33 



— Channel Islands 



5 less 



142 



19.5 



35 



38 



THE PAST WEEK. 



The following summary record of the weather for 

 the week ending Aug. 20, is furnished from the 

 Meteorological Office : — 



" The weather has been fairer than of late in 

 Ireland and Scotland, bnt in most parts of England 



the sky has been more cloudy than it was last week. 

 Very little rain fell during the greater part of the 

 period, but on the 19th and 20th a considerable 

 amount fell over the more southern and western 

 districts. 



"The temperature has again been very low for the 

 time of year, especially over England, where the 

 deficit ranged from 6° to 8°. The highest of the 

 maxima, which were recorded on rather irregular 

 dates, varied from 65° in 'Scotland, W.,' to 7-4° in 

 ' Ireland, S.' On some occasions the daily maxima 

 were extremely low; at Oxford on the 16th the 

 thermometer did not rise above 55°. The absolute 

 minima, which were generally recorded either on 

 the 18th or 19th, were as low as from 32° to 37° in 

 Scotland, and between 35° and 37° in Ireland, while 

 over England they ranged from 34° in ' England, 

 N.W.,'and 'England, S.W.,' to 41° in 'England, S.' 

 In the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 

 49°. Frost occurred on the grass at most of the 

 inland stations ; at Hillington on the 19th the ther- 

 mometer exposed on the grass fell to 26° .6. 



" The rain/all has been more than the mean in 

 ' England, S.W*.,' ' Ireland, S.,' and the ' Channel 

 Islands,' but in all other districts a deficit is shown. 



"Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than it 

 was last week over Ireland, Scotland, and the West 

 of England, but less so over central, southern, and 

 eastern England. The percentage of the possible 

 amount of duration ranged from 25 in ' England, E.,' 

 to 43 in ' England, S.W.,' 44 in ■ Scotland, W.,' 

 and 53 in ' Scotland, N.'" 



MEAN TKMPERATITRE OBSERVED AT CHISW1CK DUR- 

 ING THE WEEK ENDING SEPT. 1. (AVERAGE OF 

 FORTY-FOUK YEARS.) 



Aug. 26 



... 60°.9 



Aug. 30 



.. 60°.4 



., 27 



... 60°.8 



„ 31 



.. 60°.2 



„ 28 



„ 29 



... 60°.7 

 ... 60°.5 



Sept. 1 



Mean for the week 



.. 60°.0 



Enquiries. 



" He that questionetk much shall learn much." — Bacon. 



Gentiana asclepiadea. — Can this plant be propa- 

 gated by cuttings, and, if so, what is the proper time 

 for striking ? If not by cuttings, how otherwise can 

 it be increased ? C. E. F. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Adiaxtum Farleybnse : 67. Very fine pinnre, but 

 no trace of spores. 



Apple Cbop : Woodall S( Co. Particulars as to the 

 condition of the crop are to be found in our report 

 of the fruit crop, published on July 28 last. 



Book on Judging at Flowee Shows : G. H. We 

 do not know of any work quite so comprehensive 

 as that which you require, although there are some 

 on the methods of judging certain florists' flowers. 



Blue Hydrangeas : S. Fox. We are specially glad to 

 hear from a forty years' subscriber to our journal. 

 Hvdrangea hortensis flowers may be made blue by 

 using some kinds of artificial manures ; they also 

 change to a shade of that colour in peaty soils 

 containing iron ; and^they may likewise be made to 

 put on a blue colour by being watered during the 

 blooming period with a weak solution of common 

 alum. 



Carnation R. H. Elliot: This variety, certi- 

 ficated on the 14th inst. at the Royal Horticultural 

 Society's meeting, was exhibited by Messrs. Laing 

 & Mather, of Kelso, N.B. 



Carnations : J. Wilis. A very pretty lot, of good 

 bright colours. No. 36 is specially good and rich. 



Ce.vtaurea aurea, Ait. (= Crocodylium aureum, 

 Sweet) : C. W. Bod. Figure in Botanical Maga- 

 zine, 421, is a good species, but, I believe, is not 

 now in cultivation. There is only a single speci- 

 men in the herbarium at Kew, labelled " C. aurea, 

 Ait., Port Juvenal," and I find no trace of it any- 

 where else. D. D. 



Double White Lafaqebia : J. B. G. We have 

 never seen this before ; the stamens are replaced by 

 petals, and the carpels also partially, and increased 

 in number. 



Growth on Azaleas, &c. : J. L. The gall-like pro- 

 duction is caused by a fungus called Exobasidium 

 vaccinii. common on members of the Erica or 

 Heath family. 



Ivy : ./. F. No harm will arise by cutting it back, 

 but do so at once, and the slight growth which will 

 take place before winter will cover its otherwise 

 ugly skeleton. 



Names of Plants : A. L. Lanqe. Lilium auratum. 



— F. K. G. Astrantia major. — Frank. Ononis 

 arvensis. — Alpine. 1, Lastrea glabellum ; 2, Ver- 

 bascum nigrum ; 3, Viburnum Lantana ; 4, Cru- 

 cianella stylosa; 5, Zenobia pulverulenta ; 6, 

 Phyllirea angustifolia ; 7, Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 

 narrow leaved variety; 8, not recognised. — Enquirer. 

 Chrysanthemum coronarium, fl.-pl., yellow variety. 



— C. E. F. Cystopteris alpina ; please say if culti- 

 vated or wild. — J. C. Shadwcll. Celtis occidentalis. 

 — H. L. 1, not found enclosed ; 2, Calaminthacli- 

 nopodium ; 3, Carum segetum ; 4, Silene Schafta ; 

 5, Calamintha acinos ; 6, Asperula cvnanchica ; 

 7, Aster, not trifolium, if growing near the sea. — 

 L. J. Catananche ccerulea. — Mrs. E. Sparganium 

 ramosnm, Mentha hirsuta. — T. C. H. Masdevallia 

 erythrochaete. The pretty M. Hinksiana X between 

 M. tovarensis and M. ignea appears to be one of 

 the most beautiful of garden hybrids. Its bright 

 yellow flowers are unmatched among Masdevallias. 



Peas: H.R.L. Tour Peas are too small. — Worksop. 

 We are unable to name Peas unless we see them 

 growing ; there are so many varieties, and all very 

 similar. 



Pise-apples on Suckers : T. T. B. Not at all re- 

 markable, it being the natural mode of fruiting. 

 The removal of suckers, and then fruiting them, 

 is of course an artificial method. Those growers 

 who plant out their Pine-apple fruiters will often 

 allow two or three suckers to bear fruits without 

 removal from the parent stock ; but the necessary 

 mounding up of the suckers, so as to afford them 

 nourishment by means of their own roots, is often 

 an unsatisfactory and awkward operation. 



Species of Erica : Jed. We cannot say, for cer- 

 tain, how many are grown in this country now, 

 but it is certainly fewer than fifty years ago. 

 Hardy Ericas number about fifty species and 

 varieties, and greenhouse species and their varieties 

 about 130. 



Thanatophore (Martin's) : E. H. C. The agent 

 for the United Kingdom is Mr. B. S. Williams, 

 Victoria Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. 

 Your other question next week. 



Vine Leaves : 67. H. Judging from the appear- 

 ances, the disfigurements are due to some tempo- 

 rary cause, and if the Vines are cut hard back 

 they are likely to break well next year. There is 

 no insect or fungus. 



Yellow Marguerite: W. T. U. The presence of 

 tubular florets is not uncommon. It is only an 

 exaggeration of the natural condition. 



Commuxicatioxs Received :— Prof. Comer. Paris — F. W. M., 

 Glasnevin.— F. W. B., Dublin.— W. C— W. S. M.— C. C— 

 H. G.— J. L.— J. C. & C,..— A. O. W. (nviny thanks).— H. C, 

 Geneva.— G. B. (next week).— C— .1. D.— D. J. Y.— J. H.— 

 A. D.— C. B. S.— R. W. A.— T. M.— F. W. B.^T. S.— R. D. 

 ry Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or 



asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, 



must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the 



current week. 



Markets. 



COVEST GABDEX, August 23. 

 Market dull, with heavy supplies from the Chan. 

 nel Islands. Grapes easier. James Webber, Wholesale 

 Apple Market. 



VfjtF.tables.— Average Retail Prices. 



Artichokes, p. doz.... 

 Beans, Kidney, lb. ... 

 Beet, red, per dozen 

 Carrots, per bunch... 

 Cauliflowers, each ... 

 Celery, per bundle ... 

 Cucumbers, each ... 

 Endive, per dozen ... 

 Green Mint, bunch... 

 Herbs, per bunch ... 

 Leeks, per bunch ... 

 Lettuce, per dozen ... 

 Mushrooms, punnet 

 Pot atos.— Jerseys. 



.<*. 



9- ... 

 6- ... 

 16-26 

 9-10 

 4 0- ... 

 4- ... 

 4- ... 



6- ... 



1 6- ... 

 10-16 



Mustard and Cress, 



punnet 4- ... 



Onions, per bunch ... 5- ... 

 Parsley, per bunch... 4- ... 

 Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 



,, kidney, perewt. 4 0-50 

 Shallots, per lb. ... 6- ... 

 Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ... 

 Tomatos, per lb. ... 9-10 

 Turnips, per bunch, 



Vegt. Marrows, each 2~ ... 



unsaleable ; English, 2s. Qd. per bushel. 



