278 



THE GABDEN~EBS' CHRONICLE. 



[September 8, 1888. 



favoured keeping the branches thin. By that means 

 the wood became better ripened, and the trees were 

 maintained in good health. He regularly protected 

 his trees — Apricots.'Peaches, Plums, &c. — at night, 

 when in bloom and during the day also if an east 

 wind blew. 'He never put a Peach, or any other tree, 

 when planting it, in soil which had been occupied 

 by the roots of the same kind before, and he used 

 every means in his power to keep the roots near the 

 surface, and was in favour of mulching. 



Mr. McKenzie, referring to the advantages that 

 accured from such conferences, expressed the hope 

 that the results of their meeting that day would not 

 be evanescent. Hardy fruit culture had not made 

 the progress during the past fifty years that certain 

 other departments of horticulture had made, and he 

 suggested that an association shonld be formed for 

 the purpose of accelerating the progress and dis- 

 seminating a sound knowledge of the art they had 

 met to confer upon. He thought the matter might 

 well be taken up by some central existing society. 



Mr. R. B. Laird cordially approved of the sugges- 

 tion made by Mr. McKenzie, and promised to do 

 everything in his power to aid in its realisation. 



A vote of thanks to Mr. Fairgrieve for his kind- 

 ness and courtesy was proposed by Mr. Milne, and 

 heartily accorded by the meeting, and a similar 

 courtesy to the Chairman brought the meeting to a 

 close. 



Mr. Charles Markham, whose death, after a 

 long illness, announced in the Times of September 1, 

 was the Managing Director of the Staveley Company, 

 which has very extensive coal and iron works near 

 Chesterfield in Derbyshire. He was in early life 

 Locomotive Superintendent of the Midland Railway, 

 and took an active and prominent part in its de- 

 velopment and administration. His strong good 

 sense and energy of character enabled him through 

 life to exercise great influence over the mining popu- 

 lation. He occupied a prominent place among the 

 younger men who took up the work of railway 

 extension and development at the point at which it 

 was left by the father of the system, George Stephen- 

 son, and he died at Tapton House, near Chesterfield, 

 which was also Stephenson's last residence. Mr. 

 Markham married Rosa, third daughter of Sir Joseph 

 Paxton, and has left behind him a family of two sons 

 and two daughters. 



The Weather. 



THE PAST WEEK. 



The following summary record of the weather for 

 the week ending Sept. 3, is furnished from the 

 Meteorological Office : — 



The weather has been cloudy, unsettled, and 

 changeable in all parts of the kingdom, and with a 

 good deal of rain and some thunder and lightning. 



The temperature has been below the mean in all 

 districts, the deficit ranging from 1° or 2° in Scotland 

 to 4° in the east and south-west of England, and 5° 

 in the "Midland Counties." The highest of the 

 maxima, which were recorded on rather irregular 

 dates, varied from 63° in ' England, N.W.,' and 65° 

 in 'Ireland, N.' to 70 in 'England, E.,' and 71° in 

 the ' Midland Counties.' The absolute minima, 

 which were registered in most places either on Aug. 

 31 or Sept. 1, were as low as 36° in the east of Scot- 

 land, over eastern, central, and south-west England, 

 and between 38° and 41° in most other districts. In 

 ' England, N.E.,' however, the lowest reading was 

 44°, and in the ' Channel Islands ' 50°. Frost was 

 experienced on the grass over the inland parts of 

 England during the early morning of the 1st, when 

 the exposed thermometer fell to 31° in London and 

 to 28° at Hillington. 



" The rainfall has been a little less than the mean 

 in ' Scotland, E.„ ' Scotland, W.,' and ' Ireland, S.,' 

 but more in all other districts, the excess over 

 England being considerable. 



" Bright sunshine does not differ materially from 

 that recorded last week, except in Ireland, where it 



has been less prevalent. The percentage of the 

 possible amount of duration varied from 19 in ' Scot- 

 land, N.' and 21 in Ireland, N.' to 36 in 'Eng- 

 land, S.,' 38 in 'England, S.W.,' and 46 in the 

 ' Channel Island.' " 



MEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR- 

 ING THE WEEK ENDING SEPT. 15. (AVERAGE OF 

 FORTY-POUR YEARS.) 



Sept. 9 ... 



... 58°.9 



Sept. 13 



.. 58°.l 



„ 10 ... 



... 58°.7 



„ 14 



.. 58°.0 



„ 11 ... 

 „ 12 ... 



... 58°.5 

 ... 58°.3 



„ 15 



Mean for the week 



.. 57°.8 

 .. 58°.3 



[Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and 

 duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or 

 below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- 

 degree — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for 

 twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an 

 inversely proportional number of hours.] 





Temperature. 





Above or 

 below the 



Mean for 



the week 



ending 



Sept. 3. 



Accumulated. 



Districts. 



I 1 





sa 



xi p 



3^ 



'■B "Sco 

 o flS 



ir 



si 



Principal Wheat pro- 

 ducing Districts. 





Day- 

 cleg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



Day- 

 deg. 



0. Scotland, n. ... 



1 below 



71 







— 214 



+ 201 



1. Scotland, e. ... 



1 below 



81 







— 388 



+ 157 



2. England, N.E. ... 



2 below 



90 







— 416 



+ 73 



3. England, E. ... 



4 below 



95 







— 340 



+ 154 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



5 below 



86 







— 402 



+ 150 



5. England, S. 



3 below 



104 







— 439 



+ 204 



Principal Grazing, &c, 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



2 below 



82 







— 288 



+ 107 



7. England, N.W. ... 



3 below 



89 







— 323 



+ 117 



8. England, S.W.... 



4 below 



91 







— 415 



+ 254 



9. Ireland, N. 



3 below 



85 







— 258 



+ 67 



10. Ireland, S. 



2 below 



96 







— 236 



+ 113 



— Channel Islands 



2 below 



118 







— 316 



+ 154 





Rainfall. 



Bright 

 Suhshtke. 



Districts. 



d 



sit 



am 



a g^ 







ftgag 



£ -a 



Principal Wheat-pro- 

 ducing Districts. 



Tenths of 

 Inch. 





Ins. 







0. Scotland, N. ... 



6 more 



160 



26.0 



19 



29 



1. Scotland, E. ... 



2 less 



142 



20.4 



30 



30 



2. England, N.E. ... 



3 more 



131 



18.9 



26 



26 



3. England, E. ... 



7 more 



134 



18.1 



35 



28 



4. Midland Cos. ... 



6 more 



122 



17.8 



33 



27 



5 England, S. 



4 more 



123 



18.7 



36 



28 



Principal Grazing, &c. , 

 Districts. 













6. Scotland, W. ... 



4 less 



134 



28.8 



30 



.'1 



7. England, N.W... . 



fl more 



134 



20.3 



26 



28 



8. England, S.W.... 



8 more 



139 



23.9 



38 



34 



9. Ireland, N. 



1 more 



141 



25.4 



21 



28 



10. DlELAMD, S. 



3 less 



128 



25.5 



27 



33 



— Channel Islands 



1 more 



151 



20.5 



46 



39 



Publications Received.— The Trees of Com- 

 merce. By W. Stevenson. (London : W. Rider & Son, 

 14, Bartholomew Close, E.C.). — Walks in the Ardennes. 

 By Percy Lindley. (London : 125, Fleet Street, 

 E.C.). — A Popular Summary of the Law relating to 

 Local Government. By G. E. Chambers, F.R.A.S. 

 (London : Stevens & Sons, 119, Chancery Lane.) 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters 

 relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of 

 the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, 

 and that all communications intended for publica- 

 tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming, 

 should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- 

 munications should be written on one side only 

 of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos - 

 sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should 

 be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the 

 Editor to see. 



Correction. — In the report of the Sevenoaks show, 

 in our issue for September 1, the Dipladenia 

 amabilis, shown by Mr. Gibson, gr., Halstead 

 Place, possessed 147 blooms, not forty-seven, as 

 there stated. 



Drying Flowers, &c, for the Herbarium 



Correspondents. See 



January 21 last, p. 82. 

 Double White Lapageria : J. C. Many thanks 



a more double flower was noticed last week. 

 Eucharis Bulbs : K. $ B, 



trace of the bulb-mite. 



Several 

 for 



We failed to find any 



Four-leaved Clover : C. G. This is of common 

 occurrence in rich land. As to the saying, of good 

 luck attending the finder, we suppose it is on a 

 par with a great deal of folklore on similar sub- 

 jects. 



Grapes in Bad Condition : J. C. If " J. C," who 

 wrote to us about his Grapes recently, will send 

 his address to J. Burt, 166, Boundary Road, Wal- 

 thamstowe, he may hear from him something 

 which may prove of service in Vine growing. 



Insects : W. W. It is difficult, without more pre- 

 cise information, to decide on the cause of the 

 injuries to the different kinds of leaves and shoots 

 sent. We, however, found several young mealy- 

 bugs (Coccus adonidum) amongst them, and also 

 a young apterous Psocus. The plants did not 

 appear to have been well cared for from the speci- 

 mens sent. /. O. W. 



Lilium auratum : A. F. L. Both red and golden 

 banded flowers are common, and the trade some- 

 times sell them under distinctive names. 



Names of Plants : E. C. C. D. Calamintha clinopo- 

 dium, common on limestone soils. — T. J., Walton. 

 Next week. — G. C. Lilium pomponium probably. — 

 B. A. 1, Stanhopea Wardiana aurea ; 2, S. Devon- 

 iensis. — J. Cameron. Hyoscyamus niger. — jS. L. 

 Clethra alnifolia. — E. N. 1, Polygonum Sieboldi ; 2, 

 Bocconia cordata ; 3, insufficient : possibly a Rad- 

 beckia ; 4, Aconitum napellus. — C. M. O. Orlaya 

 grandiflora ; Inula britannicarum var. ; the Chei- 

 ranthus we cannot name. Where is it from ? 

 — A Correspondent. 1, Sisyrinchium anceps ; 2, 

 Achillea Clavenna?. 



Rosemary and Trop.zeolum speciosum: J. P. The 

 former may be grown from seeds sown on a warm 

 border in April or May, or from cuttings (slips) 

 about 6 inches long put in now in sandy soil 

 under a handglass. To obtain strong plants, 

 without much delay layering is to be recommended. 

 It should be done at once, and the rooted part, 

 with its ball of earth and roots, removed early 

 next autumn. The latter is increased by seeds, 

 and by the division of its underground rhizomes. 



Seedling Carnation: H. T. The flower sent is 

 darker than the common Clove Carnation, but it has 

 the same grateful perfume, and the flowers, being 

 only of half the size of that variety, it is better- 

 suited for some kinds of florist's work. 



Some Hardy Perennials Flowering in August 

 and September : W. S. Tritoma uvaria, T. 

 glaucescens, T. gramineus, Phlox decussata in 

 great variety, Gaillardias, early flowering Chrysan- 

 themums, Aster amellus, A. Bessarabicus, and 

 others ; Eryngium album, Monarda didyma, purple 

 and scarlet vars. ; CEnothera pumila, CE. Youngi, 

 Gil. Fraseri, Stenactis speciosa, Solidago arguta, 

 S. nemoralis, Pentstemon gentianoides, in great 

 variety ; Campanula persicifolia, Rudbeckia hirta, 

 R. fulgida, Helianthum album plenum, H. grandi- 

 florum plenum, Lathyrus latifolius, in variety ; 

 Achillea ptarmica alba flore-pleno, Spiraea pal- 

 mata, Bocconia cordata, Chelone barbata, Anemone 

 japonica, A. j. Honorine Jobert, Violas, .Tro- 

 paeolum polyphyllum, T, speciosum, Gladiolus 



