October 6, 1888.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



377 



w h LASCELLES & co , 



HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 



121, BUNHILL ROW, 



LONDON, E.C. 



CONSERVATORIES, 

 GREENHOUSES, 



VINERIES, 

 PEACH HOUSES, 



ORCHID HOUSES, 



ERECTED with HEATING APPARATUS, 

 &c, complete. 



W. H. LASCELLES & CO. 



will when desired visit Gardens 



and prepare 



SPECIAL DRAWINGS and ESTIMATES, 



from instructions taken on the spot, 

 without charge. 



CUCUMBER FRAMES. 



Prices Post-free on application. 



w.h. LASCELLES & co.. 



121, BUNHILL ROW, E.G. 



ANTHONY WATERER 



AN INSPECTIO 



FROM INTENDING 



THE FOLLOWINC TREES, 



Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and 

 splendid roots. All have been trans- 

 planted within two years : — 



ACACIA BESSONIANA, 12 to 14 feet. 



„ SEMPERFLORENS, 12 to 14 feet. 

 ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 feet. 



„ „ WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet. 



„ NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet. 



„ LEOPOLDII, 12 to 14 feet. 



„ REITENBACHII, 12 to 14 feet. 



„ SCHWEDLERU, 12 to 16 feet. 



,. WORLEYII, Standards, 12 to 14 feet. 

 ASH. Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. 

 BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet. 



,, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. 

 BIRCH. Silver, 12 to 16 feet. 

 CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. 



,, Double White, 10 to 16 feet. 



„ Scarlet, 12 to 16 feet. 



,, Spanish, 12 feet. 

 ELMS. English, 10 to 12 feet. 



,, Guernsey. 12 feet. 

 LIMES, 12 to 16 and 20 feet. 



,, Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. 

 LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. 

 MAPLE. Norway, 14 to 16 feet. 

 OAK. English, 10 to 14 feet. 



„ Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet. 

 PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. 

 POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet. 



.. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety). 12 to 16 feet. 

 SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet. 



,, Purple, 14 to 16 feet. 

 THORNS, Double Scarlet. 8 to 10 feet. 



.. ,. White, 8 to 10 feet. 

 WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. 



Weeping Trees. 



BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet. 



.. Weeping. Purple. Pyramids and Standards. 7 to 12 feet. 

 BIRCH. Young's Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 feet. 

 ELMS. Weepiug, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. 

 LARCH. Weeping. Pyramids. 8 to 10 feet. 

 OAK, Weeping, English, Standards. 10 to 12 feet. 

 POPLAR. Weeping. Pyramids and Standards. 10 to 12 feet. 

 SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards, 8 to 9 feet. 



Evergreens of large size, for Immediate effect. 



ABIES CANADENSIS (Hemlock Spruce), 5 to 8 feet. 



„ DOUGLAS1I, 5 to 10 feet. 



„ .. GLAUCA, 4 to 6 feet. 

 CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 4 to 5 feet. 



,, „ GLAUCA, 3 to 7 feet. 



„ DEODARA, 6 to ]0 feet. 



.. LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 4 to 7 feet. 

 CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA ERETA VIRIDIS, 5 to 8 feet. 



,. .. LUTEA. 3 to 6 feet. 

 JUNIPER. Golden Chinese. 3 to 8 feet. 



.. VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 5 to 7 feet. 

 PICEA CONCOLOR, 4 to 6 feet. 



„ GRANDIS, 4 to 9 feet. 



„ LASIOCARPA, 4 to 8 feet. 



„ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 4 feet. 



„ PUNGENS GLAUCA. 3 to 4 feet. 

 PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3 to 6 feet. 

 REriNOSPc IRA PISIFERA AUREA, 4 to 6 feet. 

 SPRUCE FIR, 4 to 8 feet. 



„ Black and White. 4 to 7 feet. 

 THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 4 to 5 feet. 



,. DOLABRATA, 3, 4. and 6 feet. 

 THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 6 feet, 



„ OCCIDENTALS. 



„ .. LUTEA (Golden). 3 to 6 feet. 

 YEWS, Common, 3, 4, and 5 feet, thousands. 



,, Golden, of all sizes, up to 10 feet. 



We have a large quantity of Pyramids, Globes, and 

 Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. 



., Golden Seedlings, 3. 4. 5, to 8 feet. 



„ Irish, 5 to 10 feet. 



„ „ Golden, 3 to 5 feet. 

 AUCUBA JAPONICA. 2} to 4 feet. 

 BAMBUSA METAKE, fine clumps, 5 to 7 feet. 

 BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, to 8 feet. 

 HOLLIES. Common Green, 



,, Altaclarense, 



„ Hodgins, 



,, laurifolia. 



,. myrt.folia. V3, 4, o, up to 10 feet. 



,, Scottica, 



,, Yellow berried and other sorts, I 



,, Variegated, of sorts, 



„ Golden Queen, 4, 5, 6, 7 to 10 feet, hundreds of beautiful 

 specimens. 



„ Silver Queen. 4 to 10 feet. 



„ Weeping. Perry's, on straight stems, with heads of ten 

 to fifteen years' growth. 



„ New Gold Weeping, a large quantity of beautiful plants. 

 AZALEAS, the finest varieties known. 2. 3, 4. and 5 feet. 



,, MOLLIS, Seedlings and Named Varieties. 

 RHODODENDRONS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 feet, thousands of 

 finer plants than can be found in any other Nursery. 



Ij^f The Rhododendrons and Azalexs in Rotten 

 Row, and at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's 

 Park, are supplied by Anthony Watereb. 



KNAP HILL NURSERY, 



WOKING, SURREY. 



Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 

 Vol. in., Third Series. JAN. to JUNE, 1888. 

 W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. 



NEW EDITION, 



Corrected up to Date, 



THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR 

 GARDEN OPERATIONS. 



Price 3d., Post-free 3£d. 



W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, 



London, W.C. 



THE 



SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1888. 



EARLY ENGLISH GARDENING. 



IV. 



n^O all those interested in the primitive phases 

 ■*- of English gardening, there is no more valu- 

 able a book than Professor Thorold Rogers' History 

 of Agriculture and Prices in England, a work 

 which represents the study and research of over 

 a quarter of a century, and of which six out of 

 eight goodly volumes have already appeared. 

 It commences with the year 1259 and will con- 

 clude with 1793. Scattered throughout its pages 

 are numerous items, directly bearing upon the 

 gardening of the more remote ages of English 

 history. The prices paid at different times for 

 various commodities are exceedingly interesting 

 and instructive. We learn, for example, that in 

 1403 Mustard seed was sold at fifteen pence per 

 bushel, but which in 1418 — probably through some 

 very unusual circumstance — was selling for 8s. 

 for the like quantity. In the former year, also, 

 C4arlic was fetching 4d. per bunch, and Onions 

 Id. per bushel. At about this time, also, the 

 wages of an unskilled labourer were threepence 

 and fourpence per day ; whilst women, who were 

 employed in the lighter agricultural works, such 

 as weeding, received twopence per day. Again, 

 in 1403, a pound of Saffron was sold for 16s. 4d., 

 of Cloves for 3s. 2d., of Currants sixpence, of 

 Dates twopence, of Figs and Raisins and Rice 

 one penny. The prices of all these foreign spices 

 and fruits were, naturally, subjected to fluctuation, 

 sometimes of a very erratic character. In 1503 

 Saffron had fallen so low as Is. per pound, in 

 some places ; whereas in others the price varied 

 from 10s. to 12s. In 1502 Cloves were selling for 

 2s. 6d., but in the year following 8s. per pound 

 was the market value. Other commodities were 

 selling at about the same prices in 1503 as in 

 1403. It will, of course, be understood that these 

 figures do not represent the currency of to-day ; 



