November 17, 1888.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



563 



g iiininin i in in i ii ii imiiuii i i mini 



( PLANTING SEASON, j 



HARDILY- GROWN 



[^OREST, #>RUIT,| 



TREES X PLA NTS, 

 I Eve rgreens, Rose s, &c. j 



1 NU RSERIES 4Q0 ACR ES, j 



\Largest & Finest Stocks in Europe.] 



INSPECTION EARNESTLY INVITED. 



Priced Catalogues Gratis * Post Free. 



ESTIMATES 4 all Particulars on Application. 



ICKSONS I 



(Limited), = 



The Nurseries, 



| Chester! 



! ^ A ^TeJZ£- ters }Vwtem Chester. 1 



tfllllltlllllltllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllMIIIMIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIItllltlllllllHIllli 



STRAWBERRIES. 



Strong Roots, 45. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100 ; 

 ditto in large pots. 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free. 



RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- 

 chants, Worcester. 



NEW CARNATION, GERMANIA. 



ch. 



My 



NEW CARNATION, BLUSHING BRIDE. 



This is a very lovely variety, of delicate blush-pink colour. 



A fine bold flower, and delightfully fragrant. 



Post-free, 3s. each. 



100 Splendid Border CARNATION'S, in fifty choice sorts, 

 25s.. one dozen, 4s. 6rf. The true Old Crimson CLOVE, spice- 

 scented, 20s. per 100, one dozen, 3s. 



Address,— THOS. BUTCHER, 



THE NURSERIES, SOUTH NORWOOD. 

 For CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS address — 



THE SEED WAREHOUSE, GEORGE STREET, CROYDON. 



ANTHONY WATERER 



HSTITES AN" IN 



FROM INTKNI'IN'. 



THE FOLLOWING TREES, 



Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. 

 All have been transplanted within two years: — 

 ACACIA BESSONIANA. 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- 

 RENS. 12 to 14 feet; ACER DASYCARPUM. 12 to 16 feet; 

 A. DASYCARPUM WrERII LACTNIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A. 

 NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet; A. LEO- 

 POLDS, 12 to 14 feet; A. REITENHACHII. 12 to 14 feet ; A. 

 SCHWEDLERfl, 12 to 16 feet; A. WoRLEYII, Standards, 12 

 to 14 feet. ASH. Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common, 

 10 to 12 feet; Purple, Pyramids aud Standards. 10 to 16 feet. 

 BIRCH. Silver, 12 to 16 feet. CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. 

 Double White, 10 to 16 feet ; Scarlet, 12 to 16 f et ; Spanish, 

 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey. 12 feet. 

 LIMES, 12 to 16 and 20 feet ; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. 

 LKJUIDAMBAR. 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. 

 OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet; 

 PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA. 10 to 16 feet ; 

 P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; 

 SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet; Purple. 14 to 16 feet. 

 THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet ; White, S to 10 feet. 

 WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. 



Weeping Trees. 



BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, S to 12 feet ; 

 Weeping. Purple, Pyramids and standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, 

 Young's Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, 

 Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet, LARCH, 

 Weeping, Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet, OAK, Weeping, English, 

 Standards, 10 to 12 feet, POPLAR. Weeping, Pvnmids. and 

 Standards. 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA. 

 Standards, 8 to 9 feet. 



KNAP HILL NURSERY, 



WOKING, SURREY. 



ORCHIDS AND PALMS SPECIALTIES. 



The Stock is of such magnitude that without seeing it it is not 



easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. 



FRUIT TREES, ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS. 



BOUVARDIAS, CYCLAMENS. ERICAS, EPACRIS, 



SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, and other 



WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS, 



of fine quality and immense numbers. 



Inspection Invited. 



The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. 



HUGH LOW & CO., 



CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. 



Bulb Planting should be completed 



without delay. 



SUTTON'S HYACINTHS, 

 SUTTON'S TULIPS, 

 SUTTON'S CROCUSES, 



Are the Best Quality, and offered at 

 Moderate Prices. 



SUTTON'S BULBS 



GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM READING. 



20s. Value Carriage Free. 



CHARLES SHARPE & CO., 



SEED MERCHANTS, 



SLEAFORD, 



Have Registered the above Trade Marks — with 



which Seeds sent out from their Establishment 



will be Marked. 



Special Offer of their Select Stocks (Home-grown) 

 of Garden and Field Seeds on application. 



PLAN TING SEA SON. 



LITTLE & BALLANTYNE 



invite inspection of their large and 

 select stock of Forest Trees, Shrubs, 

 Plants, Roses, Fruit Trees, Src, 

 which is of siqierior quality. 



Catalogues and Special Prices on 

 application. 



LITTLE & BALLANTYNE, 



CARLISLE. 



SMOKE-RESISTING TREES & SHRUBS. 



SEE NEW HARDY" 



PLANT CATALOGUE 



on application. 



DICKSONS (Zd.), The Nurseries, CHESTER 



COLLECTIONS ofROSES 



to suit all classes and all sized gardens. 



Carriage and package free anywhere in the British Isles. 



Full particulars posted immediately on application. 



EWING & CO.. Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hants. 



NEW EDITION, 

 Corrected up to Date, 



THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR 

 GARDEN OPERATIONS. 



Price 3d., Post-free %J. 



W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, 



London, W.C. 



Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d. 



rjlHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 



J- Vol. HI., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1888. 



W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. 



THE 



(lardmrs'^hrwidt 



SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1888. 



THE EARLY HISTORY OF VINE 



CULTURE IN ENGLAND. 

 'T'HE exact period at which the Vine was first 

 -*- introduced into England is uncertain, but 

 from a remark in the Vita Agricola of Tacitus 

 (ch. xiv.), to the effect that our climate was not 

 suited to it, it is evident that it had been tried, 

 though without success, some time before the 

 end of the first century a.d. 



Notwithstanding this failure, however, it was 

 again brought to England about the year 280 

 a.d., when it appears that a licence was granted 

 by the Emperor Probus to the provincials of 

 England to plant vineyards ; and the Britons are 

 expressly mentioned by Vopiscus among the 

 natives who partook of it.* The very early 

 existence of the Grape Vine in England is also 

 indicated by the name of Winnal, in Hampshire 

 — a name which is derived from the Celtic 

 " gwinllan," a vineyard. That the cultivation of 

 the Vine was not afterwards abandoned is proved 

 by a passage in Bede's Ecclesiastical History," t 

 (eighth century), which refers to Vine-growing 

 in England ; and by the confirmation of a grant 

 of a vineyard by King Edwith to Glastonbury 

 Abbey in the tenth century.J It seems probable, 

 however, that some of the vineyards planted 

 here by the Romans were afterwards neglected 

 during the anarchy and devastation which 

 succeeded their immediate period, since "old 

 Vines " are not infrequently mentioned as 

 landmarks in Anglo-Saxon charters. § These 

 " old Vines " were probably " survivals " of 

 the Roman vineyards. Vineyards are also 

 mentioned in the Laws of Alfred, || and are not 

 unfrequently represented in Anglo-Saxon illumi- 



* " Gallus omnibus, et Hispanis, ac Britannia nine permisit 

 ut vites haberent vinumque conficeruot." Hist. Augusta 

 Script., vi., ed. Casaub. fol. Paris, 1620, p. 240. 



t Monumenta Hist. Britan., fol. 1848, p. 10?. "Virens 

 etiam in quibus locis germinans." 



I W. de Gray Birch, Cartularum Saionicum, vol. iii., p. 89. 

 This vineyard was situated at Pathenesbergh. in Mera, co. 

 Somerset. It is also mentioned in Domesday, vol. i., f. 90 a, 

 col. 1. 



5 See Kemble, Codex Diplomaticns, vol. v., 1147, 1177. &c. 



|| LL. Anglo.-Sai., Wilk.. p. .11 ; LL. Aelf., 2H. 



