94 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



On the seashore, growing on shingle and sand. Very rare in England, 

 where it occurs between Llandudno and the Little Orme's Head, and 

 between Llanwrog and Clynog, Carnarvonshire ; in Cemlyn Bay, and 

 near Trefarthen, Anglesea ; Isle of Walney, Lancashire ; near Hemsley, 

 "Whitehaven, and Maryport, &c., Cumberland. Li Scotland it is 

 more common, extending north to Orkney and Shetland. Local in 

 Ireland, and apparently confined to the eastern and northei-n coasts. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer. 



Rootstock fleshy, fuscous-black, often with several axes united 

 together wholly or partially, producing numerous white fleshy stolons. 

 Stems 6 inches to 2 feet long, densely leafy. Leaves pointing to the 

 right and left of the stems, those of the barren shoots larger than the 

 others, with the lamma 1^ to 3 inches long, those of the stem 1 to 2 inches 

 long, including the petiole, upper ones and bracts subsessile and 

 smaller ; all of them very thick, flat, brittle, conspicuously marked with 

 callous points when dry. Flowers f inch long, at first rose, after- 

 wards bright blue. Calyx segments roundish ovate, separate nearly 

 to the base. Corolla tube cylmdrical; limb bellshaped, divided one- 

 third of the way down into 5 short lobes. Nucules large, at first 

 fleshy, but -with a loose dry smooth shining black and somewhat 

 inflated testa when ripe, the 4 nucules together forming a flattish 

 4-sided pyramid about ^ inch high, the outer face of the nuts rounded, 

 the inner with a prominent internal angle. 



I am indebted to Professor Dickie for the fresh specimens from 

 Nigg Bay, near Aberdeen, which the new drawing for plate Mxcix. 

 was made. 



GENUS / F.— L I T H O S P E R M U M. Toumef. 



Calyx 5-partite. Corolla regular, funnelshaped or salvershaped ; 

 throat open, without distinct scales, but often Avith 5 small bosses; 

 limb more or less spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens equal, generally in- 

 cluded. Style undivided. Nucules ovate, ovoid, smooth or rugose, 

 bony, without a tumid ring at the base, attached to the flat receptacle 

 by a plain surface. 



Herbs or undershrubs of various habit. 



This genus of plants derives its name from the hardness of its seeds, and is the 

 contraction of two Greek words, \iOoe, a stone, and mzipfxa, a seed. 



SPECIES I.-LITHOSPEB MUM PDRPUREO-CiERULEUM. Linn. 



Plate MG. 

 Bekh. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XVIII. Tab. MCCCXIII. Fig. 2. 

 Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2714. 



Perennial, herbaceous. Barren slioots elongate, arching, procum- 



