182 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



deep furrows. Segments a little longer than the tube, ascending, 

 acute. Flowers oj^ening in summer and autumn. 



Var. 3, biennis. 



Plate IiICLXXV. 



BlUnt, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3382. S. biennis, Beutcr, " Bull. Soc. Hall, 

 p. 20." Cat. de Geneve, p. 183. 



Biennial. Internodes very short. Fruiting calyx tube with 10 

 shallow furrows; segments rather shorter than the tube, erect, 

 incurved, much broader and less acute than in var. a. Flowers pro- 

 duced only in spring and early summer. 



Var. a. ui cultivated ground and waste places. Common, and 

 generally distributed, but becoming scarce in the north of Scotland. 



Var. (2 on sandy and gravelly commons. Frequent in the vicinity 

 of London. I have it also from St. David's, Pembrokeshire. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual or Biennial. Spring to 

 Autumn. 



Var. a has elongated decumbent diffusely branched stems, 3 to 9 

 inches long. Leaves slightly recurved, ^ to f inch long, strapshaped, 

 acute, flat above, convex below, the bases enlarged and scarious at the 

 margins, Avhich are united so as to be connate. Flowers subsessile, I; 

 inch long, the tube becoming hardened in fruit, and readily falluig off 

 when ripe, without permitting the fruit to escape. Plant green, 

 glabrous ; the stems hairj", and the margins of the leaves ciliated, 

 the rest of the plant glabrous. 



Var. & is very different in aspect, but these differences probably 

 depend on the difference of situation. It is much smaller than var. «. 

 The stems are rarely more than 1 to 3 inches long, suberect, numerous, 

 and very slightly branched; the leaves are shorter, and less falcate. 

 The calyx is about J inch long ; the tube less deeply furrowed ; the 

 teeth shorter, more triangular, more erect, and with much broader 

 scarious margins. The bracts are shorter than the flowers, while in 

 var. a they are generally a little longer. 



Common Knaivel. 



Frencli, Guavelle. German, ciiijdhn'ijer Enauel. 

 The Swedes inlaale a decoction, of this plant as a cure for toothache. 



SPECIES II.— S CLERANTHUS PERENNIS. Lmu. 

 Plate MCLXXVI. 

 BiUot, Fl. GaU. et Germ. Exsicc. No. 197. 



Perennial. Flowers aggregated into dichotomous fascicles at the 



