ative purposes. As would be expected, heating was maximum under clear 

 skies and low winds; minimum heatin?? occurred with overcast skies and 

 high winds. Heat gained in the cold water was approximately 200 gram- 

 calories per square centimeter per day greater than heat gained in the 

 warm water. Evaporation and sensible heat loss accounted for most of the 

 difference in heating. 



Date 



19 Sept. 



20 Sept. 



21 Sept. 



Table 2 



Heat Exchange Across the Air-Sea Interface 



in the Area of the Warm Water 



(in gm-cal/cm /day) 



Water 

 Mass 



Warm 

 Cold 



Warm 

 Cold 



Warm 

 Cold 



SST 



WC 

 19°C 



24' 

 19" 



24" 

 19" 



Qs-r 



+350 

 +350 



+434 

 +434 



+408 

 +408 



-104 

 -98 



-122 

 -113 



-128 

 -117 







e/c 



-195 

 -37 



-64 

 +9 



-174 

 +25 



Ov 



zo 



-70 -19 



-11 +204 



-16 +232 



+9 +339 



-33 +73 



+29 +345 



Diff, 



223 



107 



272 



7 Oct. 



Warm 

 Cold 



22' 

 20* 



+150 

 +150 



-88 

 -85 



-479 -139 -556 

 +283 -61 -279 



277 



8 Oct, 



Warm 

 Cold 



22' 

 20* 



+370 

 +370 



-93 

 -81 



-147 

 -14 



-28 -102 

 +35 +310 



208 



Qs-r: 



Qb: 



Qe/c: 



Oh: 

 0: 



Effective insolation 



Effective back radiation 



Latent heat of evaporation (-) or condensation (+) 



Sensible heat transfer 



Qs-r + Qb + Qe/c + Oh 



Ray path diagrams were constructed from station data representative 

 of each water mass (figure 17). The sound projector was assumed to be 

 at a depth of 5 meters in both diagrams, with a second projector at a 

 depth of 45 meters in the warm water. A limiting; ray occurs at 6 deerees 

 in the warm water; that is, energy projected at angles less than 6 degrees 

 below the horizon is refracted toward the surface where it is trapped in 

 the surface duct, and energy projected at angles greater than 6 degrees 

 below the horizon is refracted toward the bottom. A shadow zone occurs 

 between the surface duct and the lower half of the limiting ray. Energy 

 projected along the sound channel axis between the angles of +12.9 and 

 -10.7 degrees is trapped in the channel thereby illuminating much of the 

 shadow zone. The sound field in the cold water is greatly simplified with 

 all projected energy refracted toward the bottom. 



