70 



? 60- 



2j 50 



< 



S40 



X30- 



3 20l- 

 o: 



1'° 



z 

 < 



MIDNIGHT 



SUNRISE 



LOCAL 

 NOON 



SUNSET 



10- 



-20 

 00 



_ 



1 1 



1 , 



1 1 



1 



_ 







X-*—— 



r— CLEAR SKIES - 



- 





/ / 





- 



- 





/ / 

 / / 

 / # 



vT 



_AVERA6E 

 CLOUDINESS 



- 





/ 1 .•'■ 



/ ' 

 / ' 

 / ' 



\ -|r 



—CLOUDY SKES- 



- 



1 ^ 



/ ' 

 / ' 



/' 



f'- 1 



1 1" 



I , 



04 



06 



20 



12 16 



TIME (Z) 

 FIGURE 2 ESTIMATED HOURLY HEAT EXCHANGE 



00 



04 



HORIZOIWAL AMD VERTICAL HEAT EXCHANGE UKDER CLEAR SKIES (CLOUD CODE 0-2) 



In developing NAVOCEANO's computer programs for predicting tempera- 

 ture changes in the upper 100 feet of the ocean (reference 7)* the var- 

 ious parameters involved in the heat budget must be closely evaluated and 

 examined, a previous report on ECHO by the author (reference h) describes 

 an estimate of the coefficient of thermal conductivity based on BT obser- 

 vations. The values for heat absorption in sea -water are now examined. 



To transform temperature changes into heat equivalent, the following 

 procedures have been used. The total heat change in a nominal water 

 coliimn 1 cm2 in cross section appears as a change in mean temperature of 

 the water column. Thus, for a change in temperature, AT, the heat eq.uiva- 

 lent is 



AQ « pcph AT, 



where AQ, = heat change (gm cal/cm2) , 



p = density of the water column (gm/cm3) 



c-Q a specific heat (cal/gm) 



h = thickness of the water layer. 



In this study the following values have been used: 



p ■ 1,0242 gm/cm3, corresponding to a mean temperature of 

 25»3°C and a mean salinity of 36.25°/oo as used in reference 4, 



