COl'ITEKTS 



Page 



INTRODUCTION 1 



HEAT BUDGET CALCULATIONS 2 



RADIATION DATA 2 



HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL HEAT EXCHANGE UNDER CLEAR SKIES 6 



HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL HEAT EXCHANGE UNDER PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES. . 11 



HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL HEAT EXCHANGE UNDER CLOUDY SKIES 13 



EFFECTS OF CLOUDINESS ON THE THERMAL STRUCTURE 15 



SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION I9 



REFERENCES 23 



APPENDIX 



Appendix A. Observed and Fitted Mean Temperatures 25 



TABLES 



Table 1. Incoming and Reflected Radiation at OV/S ECHO k 



Table 2. Mean Radiation for Various Cloud Coverage 5 



Table 3« Net and Absorptive Heat Changes for Clear Skies ... 7 

 Table 4. Calculation of Hourly Horizontal and Vertical Heat 



Exchange for Clear Skies 9 



Table 5« Net and Absorptive Heat Changes for Partly Cloudy 



Skies 11 



Table 6. Calculation of Horizontal and Vertical Heat Exchange 



for Partly Cloudy Skies 11 



Table 7. Net and Absorptive Heat Changes for Cloudy Skies. . . I3 



Table 8. Number of BT Observations I5 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



Figure 1. Shipboard Radiation Mount 3 



Figure 2. Estimated Hourly Heat Exchange 6 



Figure 3« Absorptive Heat Exchange for Clear Skies 8 



Figure k. Average Heat Exchange for Clear Skies 10 



Figure 5. Average Heat Exchange for Partly Cloudy Skies ... 12 



Figure 6. Average Heat Exchange for Cloudy Skies ik 



Figure J. Surface Temperature for Various Cloud Amounts ... I6 



Figure 8. Average Air-Sea Temperature Differences I7 



Figure 9« Average Temperature at 20 Feet I8 



Figure 10. Average Temperature Gradients 20 



Figure 11. Average Temperature Gradients 21 



Figure 12. Mean BT's for Various Cloud Codes 22 



