Vlil CO]SrTEKTS. 



CHAPTER II. 



PAGE 



G-EO&IIAPHICAL Distribution. — Land pro^dnces ; marine pro- 

 ■\dnces. — Specific areas ; specific centres. — Generic areas ; 

 snb-generic areas. — Bonndaries ; influence of climate. — Origin 

 of provinces 50 



Marine Provinces. — Arctic genera; tropical genera; cosmopo- 

 litan species 54 



I. Arctic Province „ 57 



II. Boreal Province : Norway, New England 60 



III. Celtic Province : Britain, Denmark ^1 



IV. Lnsitanian Pro^dnce : Portugal, Canaries, Madeira, 



Azores, Mediterranean, Black Sea 63 



V. Aralo-Caspian Province 68 



YI. West-African Province 69 



YII. South.- African Province 70 



YIII. Indo-Pacific Pro^dnce : Ped Sea, Persian Gulf .... 71 

 IX. Australo-Zelandic Pro^dnce : New South. Wales, 



Tasmania, New Zealand - 74 



X. Japonic Pro^dnce 75 



XL Aleutian Province : Ochotsk, Sitka 76 



JProvinces on the IVestern Coast of A.mcrica 77 



XII. Californian Pro^dnce 78 



XIII. Panamic Province : Galapagos 79 



XIY. Peruvian Province 81 



XY. Magellanic Province : Falkland Islands 82 



XYI. Patagonian Pro^dnce 83 



XYII. Caribbean Pro"sdnce 84 



XYIII. Transatlantic Province ^ . . . 85 



Land Pegions. — Distribution of land and fresh- water shells ; 



gen.era of the Old and New World ; arctic regions 86 



1. Germanic Eegion : Siberia 89 



2. Liisitanian Eegion : Mediterranean Islands ; Madeira, 



Azores, Canaries, Cape de Yerdes, Ascension 91 



S. Helena, Tristan d' Acunha 96 



3. African Eegion 97 



4. Cape Eegion 97 



5. Yemen — Madagascar: Comoro Islands, Seychelles, 



Mauritius, Bourbon, Eodriguez 98 



6. Indian Eegion : Ceylon 99 



7. China and Japan 101 



8. Philippine Islands 101 



9. Java 102 



10. Borneo 102 



