CEPHALOPODA. 171 



front by ridges and grooves. Buccal membrane 6-lobed. Arms 

 (except the ventral pair) webbed high up. Tentacles long, out- 

 side the web, with six rows of dentated cups on their ends. 



Pen short and broad. 



Distribution, 2 species. Mediterranean ; in the open sea. 



Onychoteuthis, Lichtenstein. Uncinated calamary. 



Etymology, onyx, a claw, and teuthis. 



Type, 0. banksii, Leach ( — bartlingii ?). PI. I., fig. 7 and 

 fig. 8 {pen). 



Synonyms, ancistroteuthis (Grray). Onychia (Lesueur). 



Fen narrow, with hollow, conical apex. 



Arms with two rows of suckers. Tentacles long and powerful, 

 armed with a double series of hooks; and usually having a 

 small group of suckers at the base of each club, which they are 

 supposed to unite, and thus use their tentacles in conjunction.* 

 Length four inches to two feet. 



The uncinated calamaries are solitary animals, frequenting 

 the open sea, and especially the banks of gulf- weed {sargasso). 

 0. hanksii ranges from Norway to the Cape and Indian ■ Ocean ; 

 the rest are confined to warm seas. 0. dussumieri has been taken 

 swimming in the open sea, 200 leagues north of the Mauritius. 



Distribution, 8 species. Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Pacific. 



Enoplotetjthis, D'Orbigny. Armed calamary. 



Etymology, enoplos, armed, and teuthis. 



Type, E. smithii, Leach. 



Synonyms, ancistrochirus and abralia (Gray), octopodoteuthis 

 (Euppell), verania (Krohn). 



Pen lanceolate. Arms provided with a double series of horny 

 hooks, concealed by retractile webs. Tentacles long and feeble, 

 with small hooks at the end. Length (excluding the tentacles) 

 from two inches to one foot ; but some species attain a largei 

 size. In the-museum of the College of Surgeons there is an 

 arm of the specimen of E. unguiculata, found by Banks and 

 Solander in Cook's first voyage (mentioned at p. 158), sup- 

 posed to have been 6 feet long when perfect. The natives of 

 the Polynesian Islands, who dive for shell-fish, have a well- , 

 founded dread of these formidable creatures. (Owen.) 



Distribution, 10 species. Mediterranean, Pacific. 



Fossil, 1 species. Oolite. 



» The obstetric forceps of Professor Simpson were suggested by the suckers of the 

 calamarj'. 



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