CEPHALOPODA. 



179 



It was long ago remarked by Dillwyn, tliat shells of the car- 

 nivorous gasteropods were almost, or altogether, wanting in the 

 jjalseozoic and secondary strata; and that the office of these 

 animals appeared to have been performed, in the ancient seas, 

 by an order of cephalopods, now nearly extinct. Above 2,000 

 fossil species belonging to this order are now known by their 

 shells ; whilst their only living representatives are a few species 

 of nautili.* 



The shell of the tetrabranchiate cephalopods is an extremely 

 elongated cone, and is either straight, or variously folded, or 

 coiled. 



It is straight in . 

 hent on itself in 

 curved in . . . 

 spiral in . . . 

 discoidal in . 

 discoidal and produced in 

 involute in . 



orthoceras 



ascoceras 



cyrtoceras 



trochoceras 



gyroceras 



litilites 



nautilus 



baculites. 



ptychoceras. 



toxoceras. 



turrilites. 



crioceras. 



ancyloceras. 



ammonites. 



Internally, the shell is divided into cells or chambers, by a 

 series of partitions [septa), connected by a tube or sipTiuncle. The 

 last chamber only is occupied by the animal. The others are 



Fig. 41. Suture of an ammonite.t 



probably occupied in succession. They are empty during life, 

 but in fossil specimens they are often filled with spar. When 

 the outer shell is removed (as often happens to fossils), the edges 

 of the septa are seen (as in PL III., Figs, 1,2). Sometimes they 

 form curved lines, as in nautilus and orthoceras, or they are 

 zigzag, as ingoniatites (Fig. 60), or foliaceous, as in the ammonite 

 (Fig. 41). 



* The frontispiece^ copied from Professor Owen's Memoir, represents the animal of 

 the first nautilus, captured off the New Hebrides, and brought to England by Mr. 

 Bennett ; it is drawn as if lying in tlie section of a shell, without concealing any part 

 of it. The woodcut. Fig. 50, is taken from a more perfect specimen, stibsequently 

 acquired by the British Museum, in which the relation of the animal to its shell is 

 accurately shown. 



t A. heterophi/Hus, Sby., from the lias, LjTiie Eegis. British Museum. Only one 

 side is represented ; the aixow indicates the dorsal saddle. 



