2'22 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. 



? EINGICULA, Deshayes. 



Etymology, diminutive of ringens, from ringo, to grin. 



Type, E. ringens, PI. Y., Fig. 21. 



Shell minute, ventricose, with a small spire ; aperture notched, 

 columella callous, deeply plaited ; outer lip thickened and 

 reflected. 



Distribution, 7 species ? Mediterranean, India, Philippines, 

 Gallapagos. 



Fossil, 9 species. Miocene — . Britain, France. Ringicula 

 is placed with nassa by Dr. Gray and Mr. S. Wood ; it appears 

 to us very nearly allied to cinulia =:= avellana, D'Orbigny) in 

 tornatellidce. 



PuEPUBA (Adans.), Lam. Purple. 



Type, P. persica, PI. YI., Fig. 1. 



Shell striated, imbricated, or tuberculated ; spire short ; 

 aperture large, slightly notched in front ; upper lip much worn 

 and flattened. Operculum lamellar, nucleus external. PI. YI., 

 Fig. 2. Lingual dentition like murex erinaceus; teeth trans- 

 verse, three crested ; uncini small, simple. 



Many of the purpurce produce a fluid which gives a dull 

 crimson dye ; it may be obtained by pressing on the operculum. 

 F. lapillus abounds on the British coast at low water, amongst 

 sea-weed; it is very destructive to mussel-beds. (Fleming.) 



Distribution, 140 species. West Indies, Britain, Africa, India, 

 New Zealand, Pacific, Chili, California, Kamtschatka. From 

 low water — 25 fathoms. 



Fossil, 40 species. Tertiary — . Britain, France, &c, 



Concholepas, Favan. 0. lepas (Gmelin spocies) PI. YI,, Fig. 3. 

 Peru. The only species differs from purpura in the size of its 

 aperture and smallness of the spire. 



Cuma (Humphrey) P. angulifera, inner lip with a single 

 prominent fold. 



? PuBPUiirN-A (Lycett, 1847), D'Orbigny. 



Shell ventricose, coronated; spire short; aperture large, 

 scarcely notched in front. 



Fossil, 9 species. Bath-oolite. Britain, France. The type 

 jP. rugosa, somewhat resembles pwyura chocolatum (Duclos), but 

 the genus probably belongs to an extinct group. 



Ehizochiltjs, Stp. 1850. 

 Example, E. antipathum. Founded on a species of Purpura ? 



