BRACHIOPODA. 



383 



with diverging "brandies; cardinal and adductor impressions 

 distinct. The furrowed cones undoubtedly indicate the existence 

 of spiral arms, similar to those of Atrypa (Fig. 180), but desti- 

 tute of calcified supports. The upper valve sometimes exhibits 

 markings derived from the surface on which the shell has grown. 

 The mantle-lobes seem to have continued depositing shell 

 until the internal cavity was reduced to the smallest possible 

 limit. 



Fossil, 3 species. Devonian — Trias. 



Dorsal valve 



Fig. 188. 



Ventral valve. 



Oalceola, Lamarck. 



Etymology, calceola, a slipper. 



Type, C. sandalina, PI. XV., Fig. 26. Fig. 188. 



Shell thick, triangular ; valves plain, not articulated ; ventral 

 valve pyramidal ; area large, flat, triangular, with an obscure 

 central line ; hinge-line straight, crenulated, dorsal valve flat, 

 semicircular, with a narrow area {h), a small cardinal process 

 (J), and two lateral groups of small apophysary (?) ridges {b) ; 

 internal surface punctate-striate. 



Fossil, Devonian, Eifel, Britain. 



The supposed Carboniferous species {Rypodema, D.K.) is, per- 

 haps, related to Fileopsis. Calceola is shaped like Cyrtia, and 

 its hinge-area resembles that of some Strophomenas. 



Family V. — PEODtrcTiDJE. 



Shell concavo-convex, with a straight hinge-line ; valves 

 rarely articulated by teeth ; closely appressed, furnished with 

 tubular spines ; ventral valve convex ; dorsal concave ; internal 

 surface dotted with conspicuous, funnel-shaped punctures; 

 dorsal valve with a prominent cardinal process ; brachial pro- 

 cesses (?) sub -central ; vascular markings lateral, broad, and 

 simple ; adductor impressions dendritic, separated by a narrow 

 central ridge ; ventral valve with a slightly notched hinge -Una ; 



