1. Oceanographlc Samples . Tin-lined Nansen bottles equipped 

 with paired, protected reversing thermometers were used for collecting 

 water samples and temperature data. Thermometers were allowed to 

 stabilize in an enclosed space for 15 minutes prior to being read. 

 While the thermometers were stabilizing, sample fractions were drawn 

 for dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and dissolved inorganic phosphate 

 determinations. Samples also were drawn to be frozen for subsequent 

 micro-nutrient analyses and, aboard BURTON ISLAND only, turbidity 

 analyses. 



2. Geologic Samples . Bottom sediment samples were obtained 

 using Kullenberg gravity corers with 6-foot long, 2-inch diameter 

 barrels, Phleger corers with 4-foot long, 1.5-inch barrels, and orange 

 peel bucket samplers equipped with canvas anti-wash skirts. All 

 sediment samples obtained were sent to the University of Washington 

 oceanographic laboratory for analyses. 



3. Current Observations . Current observations were made aboard 

 BURTON ISLAND using a deck readout Hydro Products current meter and 

 Gemware and Ekman mechanical current meters. The meters were suspended 

 from the ship's bathythermograph boom. 



Although four current stations each of over 25 hours duration 

 were occupied, much of the data are subject to question. Because 

 BURTON ISLAND had only a bow anchor, erroneous readings probably 

 were introduced by the play of the ship about the anchor cable. Functional 

 difficulties were experienced with the meters because of ice conditions 

 and low ambient air temperatures. 



B. Analytical Methods. 



Determination of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved inorganic 

 phosphate, and turbidity were made aboard ship. Additional water 

 samples were frozen for later analyses of dissolved silicates and 

 nitrates by laboratories ashore. The frozen samples from NORTHWIND 

 were analyzed at the chemical laboratory of the University of Washington 

 and those from BURTON ISLAND were analyzed at the NAVOCEANO chemical 

 laboratory. 



1. Salinity Determination . Salinity determinations were made 



aboard ship using an Industrial Instruments inductively coupled salinoraeter. 

 Water samples were allowed to come to room temperature before analyses 

 were run, but in no case were salinity samples allowed to stand for 

 more than 72 hours before analysis. Sample evaporation was minimized 

 by drawing and storing samples in glass stoppered citrate bottles 

 with rubber gaskets. 



2. Dissolved Oxygen Determination . Dissolved oxygen was determined 

 using the NAVOCEANO modification of the Swinnerton-Linnenbom-Cheek 

 (1962) gas chromatographic method. On both cruises, a Fisher gas 



