deep-water basin...". Defant (1961) discusses the fact that river 



water flowing into the sea gives rise to comnensation currents along 



the river bed "...the outflow of river water in the estuary was accompanied 



by an inflow of sea water in the lov;er layers... . 



C. Atlantic Water. 



1. General . Waters originating in the Gulf Stream flow northward 

 along the Norwegian Coast. A division of this Atlantic V/ater occurs 

 between Bear Island and northern Non\Tay where the flow approaches 



the submarine slope at the entrance to the Barents Sea. Here, some 

 of the water in the shallow layers enters the Barents Sea under the 

 influence of Coriolis force, and despite many offshoots and countercurrents, 

 some Atlantic Water rounds the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya and enters 

 the Kara Sea. The majority of flow, however, does not enter the Barents 

 Sea but continues northward and enters the A.rctic Basin betv/een Greenland 

 and Spitsbergen. In the Arctic Basin, the mass of this water floxvs 

 eastward along the continental slope at depths between 200 and 900 

 meters. In transit, the water is modified so that when it reaches 

 the Kara Sea it retains about 40 percent of its original characteristics 

 (Coachman, 1962). 



2. Inflow from the Barents Sea . Off the northern tip of Novaya 

 Zemlya, the Atlantic Water which has transited the Barents Sea continues 

 eastxrard and enters the Kara Sea as shown by the 10-meter isopleths 



in Figures 14, 15, and 16. 



Temperature and dissolved silicate in sections V-V' (Fig. A-23) 

 also show Atlantic Water entering the Kara Sea at station 42 at a 

 depth of less than 50 meters. Since Continental Runoff and Atlantic 

 Water from the Arctic Basin were found to have high dissolved silicate 

 values, the shallower, low dissolved silicate water at station 42 

 probably is Atlantic Water. 



-Using the data from section V-V', a T-S diagram (Fig. 20) was 

 constructed to further delineate the various water masses. At station 

 42, a temperature inversion existed in the upper layers. This inversion 

 was produced by Continental Runoff overriding warmer Atlantic Water 

 brought into the area across the Barents Sea. The influence of dilute 

 runoff is apaarent at most stations. At stations 154, 147, and 143, 

 for example, the highly saline, relatively warm, shallox^ water mass 

 from the Barents Sea mixed with both a cooler, lower salinity Continental 

 Runoff from one direction and a cold, highly saline Arctic Water 

 from the Arctic Basin. A.t stations 42 and 53, Arctic Water xras not 

 encountered because of intense mixing in this area. 



Temperature and salinity map views (Figs. 21 through 26) also 

 depict the influx of Atlantic Water into the Kara Sea via the Barents 

 Sea. Isotherms at 25, 50, and 100 meters (Figs. 21, 22, and 23) show 

 an east-x^est orientation, indicating an influx of water from the 



