Atlantic Water which enters Is modified by cooling as It moves to 

 the surface. In effect then, a water mass of similar characteristics 

 Is present in both troughs with a sigma-t of 28, a salinity close 

 to 35 %o » but with a temperature below 0*C in the Voronln Trough 

 and slightly above 0"C in the Svyataya Anna Trough. 



Cross sections 0-0', P-P', 0-Q', R-R' , and S-S' (Figs. A-16 through 

 A-20) also show that the Atlantic Water entering the Kara Sea through 

 the Svyataya Anna Trough hugs the western side of the trough. This 

 feature probably is attributable to Coriolis force deflecting the 

 water to the right as it moves southward in the troughs. 



In cross sections 0-0', R-R', and S-S' (Figs. A-18 through A-20), 

 the isotherms and isohalines are seen to slope upward. This upward 

 slope is attributable to geostrophlc balance which would tend to elevate 

 the eastern edge of the Atlantic Water. 



Cross section V-V (Fig. A-23) shows the extent of southern pene- 

 tration of Atlantic Water and shows the movement of water up the slope 

 of the Svyataya Anna Trough. Coachman and Barnes (1962) describe 

 this inflow as an estuarlne effect as deeper waters are carried up the 

 slope compensating for the outflow of surface waters. This descrip- 

 tion was based on a Russian cross section located 20 miles west of 

 and almost parallel to cross section V-V'. 



Both cross section J-J' (Fig. A-11) and Figure 27 show this estuarlne 

 effect of Atlantic Water and the mixing and warming of the cold upper 



FIGURE 27. Temperature/Salinit/ Diagram for a Selected Line of Stations 

 (Cross Section J-J', see Figure A-1) 



