G. Arctic Bottom Water. 



The deepest waters in the Svyataya Anna and Voronin Troughs is 

 modified cold, saline Arctic Bottom Water. Coachman (1962) defines 

 Arctic Bottom Water as having temperatures colder than 0°C and salinities 

 between 3A.93 and 34.99 %o . The five east-west cross sections, 0-0' 

 to S-S' (Figs. A-16 through A-20) , show Arctic Bottom Water, with 

 slightly lower salinity than that given by Coachman, to exist at 

 the deepest depths in the troughs. In addition, the Arctic Bottom 

 Water in both troughs is basically the same. The T-S plot of the 

 northernmost line of stations (Fig. 28) shows that the Arctic Bottom 

 Water at stations 107 and 108 has the same T-S characteristics as at 

 stations 113 and 114. 



The Arctic Bottom Water in the Svyataya Anna and Voronin Troughs 

 is found at shallower depths than in the Arctic Ocean. The estuarine 

 effect (Coachman, 1962) is probably responsible for the rising of 

 this water mass although there might be some minor formation of bottom 

 water at the heads of the Svyataya Anna and Voronin Troughs which 

 would result in a northern flow counter to the above. 



III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



NAVOCEANO conducted an extensive oceanographic survey of the 

 Kara Sea during the summer and fall of 1965. Examination of samples 

 from 163 Nansen cast stations resulted in approximately 1,800 serial 

 depth measurements for each of the parameters of temperature, salinity, 

 dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, pH, reactive phosphorous, and reactive 

 silicate. 



Six water masses were found which either entered or were formed 

 in the Kara Sea: Continental Runoff, Atlantic Water, Arctic Water, 

 isolated remnants of previous year's water, water entering from the 

 Laptev Sea, and Arctic Bottom Water. Atlantic Water was found entering 

 the Kara Sea from both the Barents Sea and from the Arctic Ocean 

 via the Svyataya Anna and Voronin Troughs. 



Continental Runoff, principally from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers, 

 x^7as traced northeastward along the Siberian Coast. Continental Runoff 

 also was observed to cross the Kara Sea towards Novaya Zemlya and 

 then to move southward along the island. Another mass moved north 

 from the Ob and Yenisey River mouths towards Ostrov Vize. 



Reactive silicate was a most interesting parameter for examining 

 Continental Runoff. Runoff resulted in high reactive silicate measurements 

 north of Ostrov Vize. These high values north of Ostrov Vize were 

 also observed by the Russians in an earlier survey. 



Atlantic Water enters the Kara Sea through the Svyataya Anna 

 and Voronin Troughs as a subsurface counterflow to the outflowing 



4S 



