Continental Runoff. This flow results in the movement of relatively 

 warm, saline water from a core depth of 300 meters at the arctic 

 continental slope to perhaps 150 meters at the head of the two troughs 

 where the water losses much of its distinguishing characteristics. 



Atlantic Water also moves into the Kara Sea from the Barents Sea. 

 Using T-S diagrams, this water was shown to mix with Continental Runoff 

 and Arctic Water. 



Arctic Water is believed to form in the shallow peripheral seas 

 adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, e.g., the Kara Sea. Here, the saline 

 Arctic Water is formed by the mixing of Continental Runoff and the 

 saline Atlantic Water brought into the Kara Sea. The salinity, and 

 therefore the density, is increased further in the winter with the 

 formation of ice. 



Isolated remnants of previous year's waters were found in the 

 deeper areas of the East Novaya Zemlya Trough. This water is formed 

 by cooling and gradual sinking. It is therefore understandable that 

 here, at depth, were found the coldest temperatures of the survey. 



Inflow from the Laptev Sea was recorded at the western entrance 

 to Proliv Vilkitskogo both at the surface and near bottom. The water 

 near the bottom is similar to waters at the same depth north of Severnaya 

 Zemlya . 



In the Kara Sea, Arctic Bottom Water is found at the deepest depths 

 of the Svyataya Anna and Voronin Troughs and is probably brought into 

 the area as a count ercurrent to the outflowing Continental Runoff. 



This survey has provided the much needed oceanographic data for 

 study of the Kara Sea. The questions of where and under what conditions 

 Arctic Water is formed have been re-examined. The addition of appreciable 

 amounts of Atlantic Water via the Barents Sea to form this water is 

 suggested. 



The parameters of reactive silicate, pH, and, to a lesser extent, 

 reactive phosphorus were valuable in distinguishing water masses. 



The anomalously high reactive silicate values observed north of 

 Ostrov Vize is a feature which warrants further study. This feature 

 was observed 30 years earlier and is possibly a stable phenomenon. 

 Another interesting feature observed on this survey is the hugging 

 of Atlantic Water to the western side of the Svyataya Anna Trough 

 caused by Coriolis Force. 



46 



