The surface Isohalines (Fig. 12) show much the same picture as 

 the surface isotherms. The distribution of surface salinity shows 

 Continental Runoff extending north of 80°N and the movement of low 

 salinity water towards the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya with a south- 

 western component along the island. Figure 13, taken from Vize (1933), 

 shows certain features that correspond closely to the NORTHWIND data. 

 The movement of surface waters towards the small island of Ostrov 

 Vize, which lies between the Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya 

 Islands chains, is shown in both Figure 12 and Figure 13. 



The depth of 10 meters, as compared to the surface, better indicates 

 movement of surface water because this depth is not obscured by melting 

 ice and other transient features. The 10-meter isotherms presented 

 in Figure 14 show high temperature values along the southeastern coast 

 of Novaya Zemlya due to the southwestern component of movement observed 

 in the surface values. High temperature values in the southwestern 

 end of the Kara Sea may be due to water movement through the Kara Strait 

 from the Pechora River. Nansen (1902) noted "...eastward flowing surface 

 currents may be formed through the Kara Strait, as observed by Krusenstern 

 in 1860 and Sidoroff in 1869...". 



At a depth of 10 meters, the warm lobe of water extending north 

 of Ostrov Vize is apparent; however, the orientation of the warm 

 water influx at this depth is both east-west and north-east. This 

 unusual feature will be discussed later. Salinity distribution at 

 10 meters (Fig. 15) indicates the movement of river runoff to be primarily 

 directed to the north with some movement southwestward along the coast 

 of Novaya Zemlya. Dissolved silicate concentration (Fig. 16) also 

 shows Continental Runoff moving in a northerly direction. Dissolved 

 silicate values were in excess of 34 jug-at/1 at the mouths of the 

 Ob and Yenisey Rivers. High dissolved silicate values were found 

 in the lee of Ostrov Vize. 



Phytoplankton biomass distribution found during the 1934 SEDOV 

 Expedition (Zenkevitch, 1963) (Fig. 17) also shows anomalously high 

 values existing north of Ostrov Vize. 



With both dissolved silicate and salinity, a marked variance 

 exists between the Influx from the rivers and from other sources such 

 as the influx of Atlantic Water. The pH Isopleths (Fig. 18) are 

 not as useable as the others in defining the movement of Continental 

 Runoff; however, pH clearly indicates movement corresponding to that 

 of the other parameters, i.e., the low values are related to the Continental 

 Runoff and the high values are related to Atlantic Water moving eastward 

 past the tip of Novaya Zemlya. The reactive phosphorus distribution 

 (Fig. 19) neither supports nor detracts from the pattern established 

 by the other parameters. A feature Indicated on all of the 10-meter 

 distribution figures is the lobe of warm, fresh water moving northward 

 from the Ob River mouth . 



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